상담성과가 낮은 내담자들의 상담경험에 대한 질적 분석 = A Qualitative Study on Client’s Experience in Counseling with Low Effects

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study aims to explore the counseling experience of clients who had low outcome of counseling. Among 350 clients who participated in the longitudinal study of Korean counseling outcome, 20 Clients who showed the lowest rate of change were selected. Selected clients were contacted by their counselors and were ensured that they were comfortable with the purpose of the interview. 7 participants who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed by the trained interviewers of doctoral level in counseling psychology. From in-depth interview, participants recalled their counseling experiences within sessions. Inductive analysis method was used to analyze the interviews, creating 19 categories and 4 domains-which are clients' factors, relationship with counselor, counseling process and skills, and actual outcome. Implications for Korean counseling theory and practice were discussed based on our understanding of client’s experience in counseling.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 낮은 상담성과를 보인 내담자들이 상담에서 무엇을 경험하는지를 이해하고 이를 구체적으로 탐색하고자 하는 연구이다. 한국의 현장 상담성과에 대한 대단위 종단 연구에 참여한 350명의 내담자 중 가장 낮은 성과를 보인 하위 20명의 내담자 중에 본 연구 참여를 허락한 7명의 성인 내담자가 연구에 참여하였다. 2010년 7월에서 2011년 9월까지 2차에 걸친 면담을 실시하였고, 면담자료를 귀납적 분석(Patton,1990) 방식으로 분석하였다. 분석과정을 통하여 최종 4개의 영역과 19개의 범주가 도출되었다. 연구결과, 낮은 상담 성과를 보인 내담자의 상담 경험이 다음의 네 가지 영역으로 도출되었다. 첫 번째 영역은 내담자 특성과 관련된 것으로, 문제의 심각성에 대해 양가적인 태도를 지님, 상담에 대한 기대가 양극화 되어 있음, 개방에 대한 불편감, 상담 받는 것 자체에 대해 사람들의 인식이 신경쓰임 등이다. 두 번째 영역인 상담자와의 관계에서는 상담자와의 관계에서 솔직하거나 자연스럽지 않음, 상담자의 진정성에 대한 의심, 상담자의 전문성에 대한 아쉬움, 역할로서의 상담자/사무적 관계에 대한 아쉬움이 도출되었다. 셋째, 상담과정 및 기술 영역에서는 상담 초반에 상담이 겉돌았고 밋밋하며 깊어지는 계기가 없었음, 상담과정에서 상담자나 상담에 대한 부정적 감정과 경험(불만, 서운함, 불안, 답답함, 실망감, 두려움)을 다루기 어려움, 상담자가 드러내지 못하는 나를 알거나 내적으로 작용하는 저항을 다루지 못함, 상담에서 주호소문제가 잘 다루어지지 않았음, 상담에 대한 몰입과 헌신도가 떨어짐, 나에 대한 상담자의 일반화, 조언, 단편적 해석에 대한 불만, 종결단계에서 미진한 부분 있었음이 포함되었다. 네 번째 영역인 상담성과로는 가족역동이 지금 여기의 패턴으로 나타난 것을 알게 해줌, 나에 대한 전반적 이해, 상담자가 잘 들어줌, 원하던 걸 딱 얻지는 못함으로 나타났다.

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