가족 배경이 교육단계별 진학에 미치는 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 교육 지속성(educational continuation)에 대한 가족배경의 효과를 분석하고 있다. 기존의 연구들은 대체로 교육 단계(중학교 → 고등학교 → 대학교 → 대학원)가 올라갈수록 상위 학교 진학에 미치는 가족배경의 효과는 감소한다는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 첫 번째로 본 연구는 가족배경을 문화적(부모의 교육수준), 경제적(부의 직업), 그리고 사회적(상위 전문직에 종사하는 친척 유무) 측면으로 구분하여 가족배경의 각 측면들이 교육단계별 진학에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보았다. 이항 로짓모형(binary logit model)을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 부모의 교육수준이나 가족의 사회적 자본은 상위 단계로 올라갈수록 그 영향이 감소하였으나 부의 직업의 효과는 상위단계로 올라가도 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 대학교에서 대학원으로 진학하는 단계에서 가족배경 변수들은 공통되게 실질적인 효과를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째로 본 연구는 교육 지속성에 관한 기존 연구들이 주로 이용하고 있는 이항 로짓 모형을 통한 결과와 함께 교육 경로(educational pathways)를 고려한 다항 로짓모형(multinomial logit model)을 동시에 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 교육 경로별로 고등교육진학에 있어서 전혀 다른 조건적 이행 확률을 보여준다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 곧, 실업고를 졸업한 학생들은 대학 진입에 있어서 인문고를 졸업한 학생들에 비해 매우 낮은 조건적 이행 확률을 보여주었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzes the effects of family background on educational continuation in Korea. Previous research has insisted that parental effects decline across school transitions. Using 1998-2002 data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (the KLIPS), this study examines whether or not the effects of family background decline in higher education levels and vanish in graduate school level in Korea though binary logit model and multinomial logit model. First of all, this study examines whether or not family background declines school transitions using Mare model (1980). As a result, the effect of family’s cultural and social capital declines across transitions, while the effect of family’s economical capital never declines across transitions. In addition, family background variables do not have substantial effects on the likelihood that university graduates go to graduate school or not. In the following analysis, this study additionally analyzed the multinomial logit model in comparison with the traditional binary model. This study confirms that the Mare model tends to deflate family background effects on school transitions, especially, at the secondary education levels. Also, this study observes that different educational pathway in the school system leads to different conditional probability on school transitions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰: 가족 배경과 교육지속성간의 관계
• Ⅲ. 자료 및 연구방법
• Ⅳ. 분석결과
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 〈부록표〉
• ENGLISH ABSTRACTS

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국사회의 교육계층화:연령코호트간 변화와 학력단계별 차이" 37 (37): 31-65, 2003

2 김영화, "한국 산업화 과정에서의 교육과 사회계층 이동" 37 (37): 155-172, 1999

3 김기헌, "한국 사회의 교육체계와 첫 일자리 진입" 2003

4 "학력성취의 계급별성별 차이" 38 (38): 51-75, 2004

5 최상근, "사교육 실태 및 사교육비 규모 분석 연구" 한국교육개발원 2003

6 방하남, "변화와 세습:한국 사회의 세대간 지위세습 및 성취구조" 35 (35): 1-30, 2001

7 손중종, "대학교수의 노동과정 연구" 13 (13): 135-164, 2003

8 "기회와 불평등:고등교육 기회에 있어서 사회계층간 불평등의 분석" 36 (36): 193-222, 2002

9 교육인적자원부한국교육개발원, "교육통계연보" 교육인적자원부한국교육개발원 2003

10 장상수, "교육 기회의 불평등:가족 배경이 학력 성취에 미치는 영향" 34 (34): 671-708, 2000

11 原純輔盛山和夫, "社會階層 -豊かさの中の不平等 : 東京大學出版會" 原純輔盛山和夫 東京大學出版會 1999

12 中村高康藤田武志有田伸, "學歷選拔學校の比較社會學 : 東洋館出版社" 中村高康藤田武志有田伸 東洋館出版社 2002

13 Raftery, "and Opportunity in Irish Education Sociology of Education 66" 41-62, 19931921-1975

14 Mullen, A. L, "Who Goes to Graduate School? Social and Academic Correlates of Educational Continuation After College" 76 : 143-169, 2003

15 Kim, K. H, "Trends and Differentials in School Transitions in Korea and Japan : International Sociological Association" 2004

16 Maurice, "The Social Foundations of Industrial Power" MIT Press 1982

17 Mller, W, "The Institutional Embeddedness of the Stratification Process : From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destination" Clarendon Press 1998

18 Graaf, N. D. de, "The Effects of Social Background, Sex, and Ability on the Transition to Tertiary Education in the Netherlands : International Sociological Association" 2003

19 Vallet, L, "The Dynamics of Inequality of Educational Opportunity in Fance: Change in the Association Between Social Background and Education in Thirteen Five-Year Cohort(1908-1972) : International Sociological Association" 2004

20 Goodman, L. A, "Statistical Methods and Graphical Displays for Analyzing How the Association between Two Qualitative Variables Differs among Countries, among Groups, or over Time: A Modified Regression-Type Approach" 175-230, 1998

21 PartⅡ, "Statistical Methods and Graphical Displays for Analyzing How the Association between Two Qualitative Variables Differs among Countries, among Groups, or over Time. PartⅡ: Some Exploratory Techniques, Simple Models, and Simple Examples" 2001

22 Mller,W, "Social Selection in Educational Systems in Europe" 1-23, 1993

23 & Jean-Claude Passeron, "Reproduction in Education" 1977

24 Chang, Sang-su, "Patterns and Changes of Educational Attainment in Korea : International Sociological Association" 2003

25 Warren, J. R, "Occupational Stratification across the Life Course: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study" 67 : 432-455, 2002

26 Rosenbaum,J.E, "Making Inequality" John Wiley & Sons 1976

27 Cameron, S. V, "Life Cycle Schoolng and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts of American Males" 262-333, 1998

28 Mare, "Journal of the American Statistical Association 75" 295-305, 1980

29 Tsai, S, "Higher Education in Taiwan: Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity : International Sociological Association" 2003

30 Bowles,S, "Gintis" Basic &h

31 Collins, "Functional and Conflict Theories of Educational Stratification" 1002-1019, 1971

32 OECD, "From Initial Education to Working Life: Making Transitions Work" OECD 2000

33 Shavit, Y, "Expansion, Differentiation and Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of 15 Countries : International Sociological Association" 2004

34 Lucas, S, "Effectively Maintained Inequality: Effectively Transitions, Track Mobility and Social Background Effects" 106 : 1642-1690, 2001

35 Allmendinger, "Educational Systems and Labor Market Outcomes" 231-250, 1989

36 "Educational Stratification on Observed and Unobserved Components of Family Background 351-376 in Y Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries" 1993

37 Hout, "Educational Stratification in the United States 25-49 in Y Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries" 19931925-1989

38 Shavit, Y, "Educational Stratification in Italy: Reform, Expansion and Equality of Opportunity" 14 : 33-47, 1998

39 Becker, R, "Educational Expansion and Persistent Inequalities of Education: Utilizing Subjective Expected Utility Theory to Explain Increasing Participation Rates in Upper Secondary School in the Federal Republic of Germany" 19 (19): 1-24, 2003

40 "Educational Expansion and Inequality of Opportunity for Higher Education in South Korea : International Sociological Association" 2003

41 Ishida, H, "Educational Expansion and Inequality of Access to Education in Japan : International Sociological Association" 2003

42 Park, Hyunjoon, "Educational Expansion and Inequality in Korea" 2001

43 Stolzenberg, "Educational Continuation by College Graduates" 1042-1077, 1994

44 "Education at a Glance" OECD Indicators 2003

45 Harry B, "Department of Sociology" 1994

46 Aschaffenburg, K, "Cultural and Educational Careers: The Dynamics of Social Reproduction" 62 : 573-587, 1997

47 Hannan, D. F, "Cross-National Research on School to Work Transitions: An Analytical Framework" OECD 1996

48 New York, "Changing Prospects in Western Society" 1974

49 San Francisco, "Changes in Educational Opportunities in Thirteen Countries 1-23 in Y Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries" Westview Press 1993

50 "Change and Stability in Educational Stratification" 72-87, 1981

51 Breen, R, "Analyzing Educational Careers: A Multinomial Transition Model" 754-772, 2000

52 null, "An International Scale of Occupational Staus" 1-56, 1992

53 A, "American Journal of Sociology 94" 1146-1183, 1989

54 Harry B, "A Standard International Socioeconomic Index of Occupations Revised version of a paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association" 1989

55 Lenski, "A Non-Vertical Dimension of Social Status" 405-413, 1954

56 Jonsson, J. O, "A Half Century of Increasing Educational Openness? Social Class, Gender and Educational Attainment in Sweden, German and Britain : Can Education be Equalized? The Swedish Case in Comparative Perspective" Westview Press 1996