한국인의 행복과 福: 유사점과 차이점 = Happiness and the Eastern Concept of Bok: Similarities and Distinctions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The notion of "happiness" was compared with a conceptually overlapping Eastern cultural idea of "bok" among 234 Korean college students and adults. Respondents nominated health and an optimistic personality as essential conditions for both happiness and bok. However, distinctions were also found between the two concepts. Whereas internal attributes such as self-satisfaction was emphasized in characterizing a happy person, more socially-oriented features (e.g., high social status) were strongly linked with a person blessed with bok. Also, people who personally preferred bok over happiness (16% of the sample) were more likely to believe that happiness was ultimately determined by external, chance forces than by self-efforts. Finally, those who emphasized the importance of personal effort in attaining happiness believed in the importance of having a positive inner state, and weighted this factor heavily in predictions of future happiness.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

동양에서는 전통적으로 서양의 행복과 유사한 복이라는 개념이 있다. 이에 대해 234명의 한국의 대학생과 성인을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 그 결과, ‘건강’과 ‘낙관적 성격’과 같은 필수적인 조건은 행복과 복의 공통적 특징으로 나타났다. 두 개념의 차이점 역시 발견되었는데, 그것은 행복을 ‘자기만족’과 같은 내적 상태와 관련지어 생각하고 복을 ‘사회적 지위’와 같은 외적 조건과 관련되어 생각하는 것이다. 또한, 전체 응답자의 16%가 궁극적으로 복을 추구하고자 하였는데 이들은 행복을 추구하는 집단에 비해 행복의 결정권이 자기 자신이 아닌 외부 요인에 있다고 생각하는 경향이 있었고, 상대적으로 행복 결정에 있어 자기 영향력이 적다고 생각했다. 마지막으로, 행복 결정에 있어 자기 영향력이 크다고 여기는 사람일수록 긍정적 내적 상태의 사람이 더욱 행복할 것이라 예측하는 경향이 있었다.

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