공학학의 등장과 그 의미, 발전방향에 대한 탐색 = The Development and its Implications of Engineering Studies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is based on the premise that engineering and engineers could be an object of social study, and the more we know about the social construction of engineering, the more we are likely to learn what we are in our society and where we may be heading. I explore three points regarding engineering and engineers in this article. First, I examine the characteristics of engineering that exists between science and society and between labour and capital. Second, I explore the process that engineering has taken a form of science and developed as an expert profession through its institutionalization, specialization, and organization in modern society. Third, I emphasize the importance of social, cultural, and national processes on the construction of engineering and engineers by comparing national differences in France, England, Germany, America, and Japan. Finally, I analyze the process how engineering and engineers have been constructed in the period of colonialism and rapid industrialization in Korea. In this study, I would like to emphasize the value of engineering studies. It is notable that engineering studies contribute to widen the horizon of Humanities and Social Sciences as well as to suggest integrative and fundamental perspective in analysing our society.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한국과학원, "한국과학원 학사운영을 위한 기초조사보고서" 1971

2 김근배, "한국 근대 과학기술인력의 출현" 문학과 지성사 2005

3 송위진, "한국 과학기술자사회의 특성 분석" 과학기술정책연구원 2003

4 조돈문, "중간계급의 계급적 성격과 계급적 이질성" 30 : 269-303, 1996

5 맥도널드, "전문직의 사회학" 일신사 1999

6 한경희, "이공계 위기의 재해석과 엔지니어의 자기성찰" 38 (38): 73-99, 2004

7 과학기술처, "우리나라 人口와 聯關된 科學?奇術系 人力의 綜合的 調査硏究" 조사보고서 1967

8 정철희, "새로운 정치균열과 신(중간)계급의 정치적 정체성" 136-36, 2006

9 김영식, "근현대 한국사회의 과학" 창작과 비평사 1998

10 헤스, "과학학의 이해" 당대 2004

11 김경만, "과학지식과 사회이론" 한길사 2004

12 김환석, "과학사회학의 쟁점들" 문학과 지성사 2006

13 금인숙, "과학사회학에서 학문적 경향과 연구과제, 한국사회학평론" 한울 1999

14 박희제, "과학기술자에 대한 사회적 인식을 통해 본 이공계 위기론의 재해석" 461-466, 2005

15 이영희, "과학기술의 사회학" 한울아카데미 2000

16 웹스터,앤드류, "과학기술과 사회" 한울아카데미 1991

17 Vincenti,W.G, "What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History" Johns Hopkins University Press 1991

18 Mulkay,M, "The Word and the World: Explorations in the form of Sociological Analysis" Allen and Unwin 1985

19 MacKenzie, D, "The Social Shaping of Technology: How the Refrigerator got it Hum" Open University Press 1985

20 Bijker, W. E, "The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology" MIT Press 1987

21 Seely, B. E, "The Scientific Mystique in Engineering: Highway Research at the Bureau of Public Road, 1918-1940" 25 : 798-831, 1940

22 Layton,Edwin T, "The Revolt of the Engineers: Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession" Johns Hopkins University Press 1986

23 Reich,L.S, "The Making of American Industrial Research" Cambridge University Press 1985

24 Gispen, K, "The Long Quest for Professional Identity: German Engineers in Historical Perspective, 1850-1990, Engineering Labour: Technical Workers in Comparative Perspectives" Verso 1990

25 Kranakis,E, "The French Connection: Giffard's Injector and the Nature of Heat" 23 : 3-38, 1982

26 Reynolds,T.S, "The Engineer in America" The University of Chicago Press 1991

27 Channell,David.F, "The Distinction between Science and Natural Science, Technology and Science: Important Distinctions for Liberal Arts Colleges" Davidson College 52-59, 1984

28 Knorr-Cetina,K, "The Coach the Cathedral, and the Laboratory: On the Relationship between Experiment and Laboratory in Science, Science as Practice and Culture edited by A. Pickering" University of Chicago Press 1992

29 Meiksins,P, "The "Revolt of Engineers" Reconsidered" 29 : 219-246, 1988

30 Crawford,S, "Technical Workers in an Advanced Society: The Work, Careers and Politics of French Engineers" Cambridge University Press 1989

31 Bijker,W.E, "Sociohistorical Technology Studies, Handbook of Science and Technology Studies" SAGE Publications 1990

32 Bijker, W. E, "Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change" MIT Press 1992

33 Constant,E.W, "Scientific Theory and Technological Testability: Science, Dynamometers, and Water Turbines in the 19th century" 24 : 183-198, 1983

34 Restivo, Sal, "Science, Technology, and Society: An Encyclopedia" Oxford University Press 2005

35 Hackett,E.J, "Science as a Vocation in the 1990s" 61 : 241-279, 1990

36 Shrum, W, "Science and Technology in Less Developed Countries, Hand book of Science and Technology Studies" SAGE 1995

37 Clark,B.R, "Places of Inquiry: Research and Advanced Education in Modern Universities" University of California Press 1995

38 Walley,Peter, "Negotiating the Boundaries of Engineering: Professionals, Managers, and Manual Work" 81 : 191-215, 1991

39 Layton,E.T, "Mirror Image Twins: The Communities of Science and Technology in 19th-century America" 12 : 562-580, 1971

40 MacKenzie,D, "Marx and Machine" 25 : 473-502, 1984

41 Woolgar,S., "Knowledge and Reflexivity: New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowldege" Sage 1988

42 Downey, G. L, "Knowledge and Professional Identity in Engineering: Code-Switching and the Metrics of Progress" 20 (20): 393-420, 2004

43 Smith,C, "How are Engineers Formed? Professionals, Nation, and Class Politics, Work, Employment, and Society" 451-470, 1991

44 Latour,B, "Give me a Laboratory and I will raise the World, Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science edited" Sage 141-170, 1983

45 Noble,D.F, "Forces of Production: A Social Theory of Industrial Automation" Knopf 1984

46 McCormick,K, "Engineers in Japan and Britain" Routledge 2000

47 Picon,Antoine, "Engineers and Engineering History: Problems and Perspectives" 20 (20): 421-436, 2004

48 Downey, G. L, "Engineering Studies, Handbook of Science and Technology Studies" SAGE 1995

49 Meiksins, P, "Engineering Labour: Technical Workers in Comparative Perspectives" Verso 1996

50 Shinn,T, "Copts to Profession: the Emergence and Definition of Industrial Engineering in Modern France, The Organization of Science and Technology in France" Cambridge University Press 1980

51 Nigel, G. G, "Artificial Societies. Inaugural Lecture" University of Surrey 1991

52 Chatiz,Kostas, "A Lasting Exception: Training French Engineers from the Ancien Regime to the Present Day, International Network of Engineering Studies Workshop in Virginia Tech" 2006