중국민족주의 발전의 이데올로기적 함의: 1990년대 이후를 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本文分析了1990年代以后社会主义意识形态的核心逐渐变得模糊的前提下, 重新兴起的民主主义现状. 本文认为中国的民族主义正发展成为可替代社会主义的意识形态的主张过于一般化, 并且从民族主义对现存的社会主义理念有着一定的补充作用的一点将其视为“出口战略(exit strategy)”. 再者, 胡锦涛体制以后的中国民族主义的发展现状来看, 与其说它唤起了过去中华帝国的记忆或者说是中国传统民族主义的复兴, 还不如说是以中华的价值观武装起来超越了民族主义已形成了一种新的认同性.
这说明, 虽然中国政治的社会主义意识形态逐渐弱化, 但社会主义的秩序却依然发挥着其作用, 并且在今后很长一段时期内摈弃社会主义价值也是相当不易. 本文对1990年代中国民族主义的发展现状及其特征的概括如下: 第一, 通过民族主义表达了对”强国”的向往, 并在此过程中爱国主义得以强化. 第二, 中国政府已经认识到大众民族主义是把”双刃剑”, 它既可以削弱社会主义, 也可以强化社会主义. 对此中国政府采取了既包容也排斥的双重态度. 第三, 把中华的价值从狭隘的民族主义升华为宏观(meta)理论, 向往着”中华全球化(Sinic globalization)”. 第四, 中国自己对强国的极限有着充分的认识, 考虑到中国威胁论的影响, 中国的民族主义带有防御性的特征. 最后, 在国家主义的基本框架内理解社会主义和民族主义, 因此中国的社会主义具有权威主义的性质.

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