기질 및 애착유형이 청소년 시험불안에 미치는 영향 = The Effect of Temperament and Attachment Type on Adolescent Test Anxiety

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적
시험 불안 원인 파악에 대한 연구의 일환으로 중고등학생을 대상으로 서울시 학교보건원과 연계하여 대규모 설문조사를 통해 개인의 타고난 기질과 어린 시절 형성된 애착유형이 시험불안에 어떤 영항을 미치는지를 파악하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다.
방법
2005년 5월부터 6월까지 서울시내 6개의 중학교와 5개의 인문계 고등학교, 1개의 실업계 고등학생 4,178명을 대상으로 하였다. 시험불안의 측정도구로는 시험불안 목록(Test Anxiety Inventory)을 사용하였고, 애착 형성의 질을 측정하기 위해 애착관계형성 척도-개정판(RAAS : Re-vised Adult Attachment Scale)을 사용하였고, 기질 성격 검사(Junior Temperament Character Inventory, 이하 JTCI)를 사용하여 기질을 측정하였다.
결과
여중생, 남중생, 남고생, 여고생 네 군으로 나누었을 때 시험불안은 여고생이 다른 세 군에 비해 높았다. 애착유형은 네 군간에 의미있는 차이가 없었고, 기질 면에서 여고생이 남고생 보다 사회적 민감성이 큰 반면에 자극 추구요인은 의미있게 낮았다. 중학생의 경우 남녀 간의 차이는 없었다. 시험불안이 높은 군은 낮은 군에 비해 애착유형측면에서 볼 때 불안이 높은 반면 친밀성과 의존성은 낮았으며 기질 면에서는 위험 회피 요인이 높은 반면 인내력이나 사회적 민감성은 낮았다. 네 종류의 기질특성 및 세 종류의 애착유형이 시험불안에 미치는 중요도를 보았을 때 위험 회피 기질 특성이 가장 컸으며 다음으로 불안한 애착형성이었다.
결론
시험불안의 원인적 측면에서 볼 때 기질특성 특히 위험 회피 기질과 불안정한 애착이 중요하다고 판단되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives : Through mass survey with Seoul School Health Center, this study was performed to find out any correlational factors that affect test anxiety in individual's temperament and attachment type among middle and high school students in Seoul.
Methods : Subjects were 4,178 students from 6 middle schools, 5 high schools and 1 technical high school in this study from May to June, 2005. Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) by Spielberger, Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) by Collins and Read and Junior Temperament Character Inventory (JTCI) by Ludy were used in this study.
Results : Among 4 groups by sex and age, high school girls had the highest level of test anxiety and high school boys had the lowest level of test anxiety. The attachment subscore showed no significant differences in four groups. High school girls had higher social susceptibility but had lower novelty seeking subscores than high school boys. Middle school students revealed no meaningful differences of temperament between sex. Compared to low test anxiety group, high test anxiety group showed significantly high anxiety subscores in attachment scale and high harm avoidance subscores in temperament scale. However, the results of other three subscores of temperament and two subscores of attachment were reversed. Anxiety subscore of attachment and harm avoidance subscore of temperament positively correlated with test anxiety score (r=0.26, r=0.32). However, other subscores negatively correlated with test anxiety score and the correlation coefficient scores were very low.
Conclusion : We concluded that, in temperament and attachment aspect, the most important factor affecting test anxiety was harm avoidance temperament and the next important factor was anxious attachment.

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