분산 리더십과 활력관계가 조직시민행동, 팀 몰입 및 팀 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구: 팀 회복탄력성과 팀 효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로 = The Effects of Distributed Leadership and Energizing Relationships on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Team commitment and Team Performance: The Role of Team Resilience and Team Efficacy as a Mediator

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Today, the team is the basic organizational structure of the collaboration that this increase in importance and to create organizational performance. Therefore, it is necessary to study in depth on the Positive Organizational Behavior at the team level such as team resilience and team efficacy. If the team that distributed leadership among members in terms of antecedents of resilience quantitative relationships associated with the business, energetic relationship can be viewed as a qualitative relationship between the level of emotional exchange members. These antecedents and team resilience, the relationship between efficacy and the team want to investigate each. Team resilience and team-efficacy are necessary to look for effects on organizational citizenship behavior and team commitment, team performance. In this study, distributed leadership and energizing relationships are independent variables and the dependent variable is addressed by the organizational/individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and team commitment and team performance. We investigate team resilience and team efficacy are mediators of relationship with distributed leadership, energizing relationships and organizational citizenship behavior, team commitment, team performance. It was divided into two survey for an accurate diagnosis about the causality. The primary survey has included distributed leadership and energizing relationships as independent variables and team resilience and team efficacy as mediators.
The second survey has included OCBO, OCBI, team commitment and team performance as dependant variables. The survey was distributed in the target administrative staff are engaged in constructing, training, consulting and research company.
As a result, distributed leadership was defined the positive influence on the team resilience. And team resilience can be seen that there is a direct impact on the individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and team commitment. Second, energizing relationships was defined the positive influence on the team efficacy. And team efficacy can be seen that there is a direct impact on the organizational/individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, team commitment and team performance. Third, distributed leadership was found on a defined impact on the individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and team commitment is mediated by a team resilience. Fourth, energizing relationships were found on a defined impact on the organizational/individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, team commitment and team performance is mediated by a team efficacy.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날 팀은 조직성과를 창출하는 가장 기본적인 단위이다. 최근 경기불황이 지속되고 있는 상황에서 팀 스트레스가 증가하고, 효능감은 감소하여 조직성과 감소로 이어질 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 조직 성과 제고를 위해 팀 수준의 긍정심리자본에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 긍정심리자본의 주요 변수인 팀 회복탄력성과 팀 효능감을 중심으로 분산 리더십 및 활력관계와 조직시민행동, 팀 몰입 그리고 팀 성과인식간의 관계를 규명하고, 또한 매개효과로서 팀 회복탄력성과 팀 효능감의 효과를 검토하였다.
이를 위해 각 변수들은 설문을 통해 측정하였으며, 보다 정확한 인과관계 진단을 위해 1차(독립, 매개변수), 2차(종속변수) 설문으로 나누어 구성하였다. 독립변수인 분산리더십과 활력관계 측정 시 Social Network 방식을활용하였으며, 가설검증을 위해 구조방정식을 활용하였다.
분석결과 분산 리더십은 팀 회복탄력성, 활력관계는 팀 효능감을 통해 조직효과성 변수들에 대부분 긍정적영향을 끼친다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 저성장기 팀 구성원 모두가 적극적으로 리더십을 발휘하고, 상호 활력관계를 유지할 때 팀 내 긍정심리자본의 증가로 팀 및 조직의 성과 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 강정애, "현대조직의리더십 이론" 시그마프레스 2009

2 김민정, "팀 목표 지향성과 팀 조직시민행동 간 관계에 대한 팀 효능감의 매개 효과" 한국기업경영학회 20 (20): 175-193, 2013

3 정예지, "팀 내 공유 리더십이 팀 효능감과 팀 혁신 성향에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 대한경영학회 27 (27): 635-655, 2014

4 이미현, "진성 리더십이 긍정심리자본 및 직무열의를 매개로 하여 변화지향 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 한국기업경영학회 22 (22): 23-44, 2015

5 장동인, "조직후원인식과 조직시민행동 간의 관계에서 심리적 주인의식의 매개효과에 관한 연구" 대한경영학회 28 (28): 855-875, 2015

6 임준철, "부하에 의해 인지된 상사의 변혁적 및 거래적 리더십이 부하의 혁신성향에 미치는 영향 : 자기권능감의 매개역할을 중심으로" 7 (7): 1-42, 1999

7 양동민, "대학생 프로젝트 팀의 리더십 네트워크 특성이 팀 몰입과 팀 성과에 미치는 영향: 팀 수준 분석" 한국기업경영학회 23 (23): 175-194, 2016

8 이학식, "구조방정식 모형분석과 AMOS 22" 집현재 2015

9 심덕섭, "과업갈등이 프로젝트 팀 성과에 미치는 영향: 팀 효능감의 조절효과" 한국경영학회 38 (38): 1599-1623, 2009

10 Cohen, G. S., "What makes teams work : Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite" 23 (23): 239-290, 1997

11 Contractor N. S., "The topology of collective leadership" 23 : 994-1011, 2012

12 Nicolaides, V. C., "The shared leadership of teams : A meta-analysis of proximal, distal, and moderating relationships" 25 : 923-942, 2014

13 Seo, M., "The role of affective experience in work motivation" 29 : 423-439, 2004

14 Luthans, F., "The psychological capital of Chinese workers : Exploring the relationship with performance" 1 : 247-269, 2005

15 Luthans, F., "The point of positive organizational behavior" 30 : 291-307, 2009

16 Luthans, F., "The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior" 23 : 695-706, 2002

17 Ensley, M. D., "The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams : Implications for the performance of startups" 17 : 217-231, 2006

18 Avey, J. B., "The implications of positive psychological capital on employee absenteeism" 13 (13): 42-60, 2006

19 Hoch, J. E., "The impact of shared leadership, age diversity, and coordination on team performance" 9 (9): 105-116, 2010

20 Frijda, N. H., "The emotions. Cambridge" Cambridge University Press 1986

21 Bishop, J. W., "The differential effects of team commitment and organizational commitment on job performance and the intention to quit" 1997

22 Van Der Vegt, G., "Team members' affective responses to patterns of intragroup interdependence and job complexity" 26 (26): 633-655, 2000

23 West, B. J., "Team level positivity : Investigating positive psychological capacities and team level outcomes" 30 : 249-267, 2009

24 Zaccaroa, S. J., "Team leadership" 12 (12): 451-483, 2001

25 Borman, W. C., "Task performance and contextual performance : The meaning for personnel selection research" 10 (10): 99-109, 1997

26 Bishop, J. W., "Support, commitment, and employee outcomes in a team environment" 26 (26): 1113-1132, 2000

27 Sparrowe, T. R., "Social networks and the performance of individuals and groups" 44 (44): 316-325, 2001

28 Wasserman, S., "Social network analysis: Methods and applications" Cambridge University Press 1994

29 Bentler, P. M., "Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures" 88 (88): 588-606, 1980

30 Carson, J. B., "Shared leadership in teams : An investigation of antecedent conditions and performance" 50 (50): 1217-1234, 2007

31 Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy: The exercise of control" Freeman 477-525, 1997

32 Stephens, J. P., "Relationship quality and virtuousness : Emotional carrying capacity as a source of individual and team resilience" 49 (49): 13-41, 2013

33 Edmondson, A., "Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams" 44 (44): 350-383, 1999

34 Avey, J. B., "Psychological capital : A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover" 48 (48): 677-693, 2009

35 Lazarus, R. S., "Progress on a cognitive-motivationalrelational theory of emotion" 46 (46): 819-834, 1991

36 Kline, R. B., "Principles and practice of structural equation modeling" Guilford 1998

37 Larson M, "Potential added value of psychological capital in predicting work attitudes" 13 : 44-61, 2006

38 Luthans, F., "Positive psychological capital : Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction" 60 (60): 541-572, 2007

39 Dutton, J. E., "Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline" Berrett-Koehler Publishers 263-278, 2003

40 Cameron, K. S., "Positive organizational scholarship" Berrett-Koehler Publishers 2003

41 Baker, W., "Positive organizational network analysis and energizing relationships" Berrett-Koehler San Francisco 2003

42 Farh, J. L., "Organizational citizenship behavior in the People's Republic of China" 15 (15): 241-253, 2004

43 Marsden, V. P., "Network data and measurement" 16 : 435-463, 1990

44 Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis" Prentice Hall 1998

45 Bliese, P. D., "Multilivel theory, research, and methods in organizations" Jossey-Bass 349-381, 2000

46 Yammarino, F. J., "Multi-level nature of and multi-level approaches to leadership" 19 (19): 135-141, 2008

47 Yammarino, F. J., "Multi-level issues in organizational behavior and leadership" Emerald Group Publishing 2009

48 Barsness, I. Z., "Motivation and opportunity : The role of remote work, demographic dissimilarity, and social network centrality in impression management" 48 (48): 410-419, 2005

49 Weick, K. E., "Managing the unexpected: Assuring high performance in an age of complexity" Jossey-Bass 2001

50 Williams, L. J., "Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors" 17 (17): 601-617, 1991

51 Van Scotter, J. R., "Interpersonal facilitation and job dedication as separate facets of contextual performance" 81 (81): 525-531, 1996

52 Argote, L., "Input uncertainty and organizational coordination in hospital emergency units" 27 : 420-434, 1982

53 Farh, J. L., "Impetus for action : A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society" 421-444, 1997

54 Mischel, L. J., "I think we can, I think we can : The role of efficacy beliefs in group and team effectiveness" 14 : 177-197, 1997

55 Gibb, C. A., "Handbook of social psychology, 2" Addison-Wesley 877-917, 1954

56 Driskell, J. E., "Group decision making under stress" 76 (76): 473-478, 1991

57 Izard, C. E., "Four systems for emotion activation : Cognitive and noncognitive processes" 100 : 68-90, 1993

58 Bandura, A., "Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy" 9 : 75-78, 2000

59 James, L. R., "Estimating within group interrater reliability with and without response bias" 69 : 85-98, 1984

60 이승윤, "Energizing Relationships in Organizational Networks" 1-22, 2007

61 Srivastava A., "Empowering leadership in management teams : Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance" 49 (49): 1239-1251, 2006

62 Frijda, N. H., "Emotion experience" 19 : 473-497, 2005

63 Lindsley, D. H., "Efficacy-performance spirals : A multilevel perspective" 20 (20): 645-678, 1995

64 Gibson, C. B., "Do they do what they believe they can? Group efficacy and group effectiveness across tasks and cultures" 42 : 138-152, 1999

65 Mehra, A., "Distributed leadership in teams : The network of leadership perceptions and team performance" 17 : 232-245, 2006

66 Gronn, P., "Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis" 12 : 423-451, 2002

67 Quinn, W. R, "Coordination as energy-in-conversation" 30 (30): 36-57, 2005

68 Bentler, P. M., "Comparative fit indexes in structural models" 107 (107): 238-246, 1990

69 Yammarino, F. J., "Collectivistic leadership approaches : Putting the we in Leadership Science and Practice" 5 : 382-402, 2012

70 Hiller, N. J., "Collective enactment of leadership roles and team effectiveness : A field study" 17 : 387-397, 2006

71 Organ, D. W., "Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior" 74 (74): 157-164, 1989

72 Rego, A., "Authentic leadership promoting employees'psychological capital and creativity" 65 : 429-437, 2012

73 Bishop, J. W., "An examination of organizational and team commitment in a self-directed team environment" 85 (85): 439-450, 2000

74 Graham, J. W., "An essay on organizational citizenship behavior" 4 (4): 249-270, 1991

75 Byrne, B. M., "A primer of LISREL : Basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models" Springer-Verlag 1989

76 Bollen, A. K., "A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models" 17 (17): 303-316, 1989

77 Wang, D., "A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness" 99 (99): 181-198, 2014

78 D'Innocenzo, L., "A meta-analysis of different forms of shared leadership-team performance relations" 1-28, 2014

79 Sivasubramaniam, N., "A longitudinal model of the effects of team leadership and group potency on group performance" 27 (27): 66-96, 2002