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    FCC의 방송 선정성 규제 기준과 그 적용 = The Indecency Regulation of FCC and It's Application

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A104612235

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    This paper is designed to analyze the final decision of the FCC on Indecency programs in broadcasting, especially how the FCC applies established criteria into indecency programs. The findings are as belows; First, indecency investigation is heavily focused on radio programs rather than television ones, which tends to expand indecency program over the media, instead of preventing indecency programs. Second, the FCC’s indecency criteria consists of explicit depiction, repetition and shocking value, but final decision is made based on patent offensiveness. On applying these standards, the FCC is often relying on subjective decisions, which results in being controversial. Third, after Janet Jackson case occurred, there are explosion of complaints as 77 versus 216 cases shows. Also, 90.5% out of 74 cases before Janet Jackson is confirmed explicit depiction, while all cases out of 216 is confirmed as explicit depiction. 72.9% and 85.1% respectively turns out repetition and shocking value before Janet Jackson, while 89.9% and 99.8% turns out repetition and shocking value after, which means that FCC strictly applies indecency criteria after. In addition, administrative process took 629 days before while it takes 590 days after, which shows FCC actively engaged in indecency investigation. That is, Janet Jackson case tends to change FCC’s attitude and behavior on indecency programs.
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    This paper is designed to analyze the final decision of the FCC on Indecency programs in broadcasting, especially how the FCC applies established criteria into indecency programs. The findings are as belows; First, indecency investigation is heavily f...

    This paper is designed to analyze the final decision of the FCC on Indecency programs in broadcasting, especially how the FCC applies established criteria into indecency programs. The findings are as belows; First, indecency investigation is heavily focused on radio programs rather than television ones, which tends to expand indecency program over the media, instead of preventing indecency programs. Second, the FCC’s indecency criteria consists of explicit depiction, repetition and shocking value, but final decision is made based on patent offensiveness. On applying these standards, the FCC is often relying on subjective decisions, which results in being controversial. Third, after Janet Jackson case occurred, there are explosion of complaints as 77 versus 216 cases shows. Also, 90.5% out of 74 cases before Janet Jackson is confirmed explicit depiction, while all cases out of 216 is confirmed as explicit depiction. 72.9% and 85.1% respectively turns out repetition and shocking value before Janet Jackson, while 89.9% and 99.8% turns out repetition and shocking value after, which means that FCC strictly applies indecency criteria after. In addition, administrative process took 629 days before while it takes 590 days after, which shows FCC actively engaged in indecency investigation. That is, Janet Jackson case tends to change FCC’s attitude and behavior on indecency programs.

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    참고문헌 (Reference)

    1 "여가수 가슴 노출로 규제 강화 추세,:미국 방송의 돌발 사고 대처. 한국언론재단. 《신문과 방송》" 102-105, 2005년9월호

    2 "^Pacifica Found. v. FCC116 S.Ct. 701" 116-701, 1996

    3 "WQAM LICENSE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP. (WQAM(AM)). (2004). Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture, FCC 04-225." 04-225, 2004

    4 "WBDC Broadcasting, Inc. (WBDC-TV). (2004). Memorandum opinion and order. FCC DA 04-234." Inc. 04-234, 2004

    5 "Various Complaints Regarding CNN’’s Airing of the 2004 Democratic National Convention." -717, 2005

    6 "Telemundo of Puerto Rico License Corp. . Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" 01-792, 2001

    7 "Rethinking Broadcast Regulation in the 21th Century. Berkeley Technology Law Journal 20" 20 : 341-369, 2005

    8 "Memorandum opinion and order. FCC DA 05-23." -23, 2005

    9 "Infinity Broadcasting Operations, Inc.(WNEW(FM)). . Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" Inc. -1336, 2002

    10 "Complaints by Parents Television Council Against Various Broadcast Licensees Regarding Their Airing Of Allegedly Indecent Material." -279, 2004

    1 "여가수 가슴 노출로 규제 강화 추세,:미국 방송의 돌발 사고 대처. 한국언론재단. 《신문과 방송》" 102-105, 2005년9월호

    2 "^Pacifica Found. v. FCC116 S.Ct. 701" 116-701, 1996

    3 "WQAM LICENSE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP. (WQAM(AM)). (2004). Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture, FCC 04-225." 04-225, 2004

    4 "WBDC Broadcasting, Inc. (WBDC-TV). (2004). Memorandum opinion and order. FCC DA 04-234." Inc. 04-234, 2004

    5 "Various Complaints Regarding CNN’’s Airing of the 2004 Democratic National Convention." -717, 2005

    6 "Telemundo of Puerto Rico License Corp. . Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" 01-792, 2001

    7 "Rethinking Broadcast Regulation in the 21th Century. Berkeley Technology Law Journal 20" 20 : 341-369, 2005

    8 "Memorandum opinion and order. FCC DA 05-23." -23, 2005

    9 "Infinity Broadcasting Operations, Inc.(WNEW(FM)). . Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" Inc. -1336, 2002

    10 "Complaints by Parents Television Council Against Various Broadcast Licensees Regarding Their Airing Of Allegedly Indecent Material." -279, 2004

    11 "Complaints against various television licensees’concerning their February 1 broadcast of the Super Bowl XXXVIII Halftime" 2004

    12 "Complaint Against Various Broadcast Licensees Regarding Their Airing Of The UPN Network Program" -196, 2001.

    13 "Action for Children’s Television v. FCCFCC, 58 F.3d 654 (D.C. Cir. 1995)" 58-, 1995

    14 "Action for Children’s Television v. FCC 852 F.2d 1332 (D.C. Cir. 1988)" 852-, 1988

    15 "Action for Children’s Television v. FCC" 11-,

    16 "Action for Children’s Television v. FCC" 932-,

    17 "A Framework for Regulation.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media" 39 (39): 51-72, 1995

    18 ".Letter from Lara Mahaney Director of Corporate and Entertainment Affairs" 5-, 1990

    19 ".Infinity Broadcasting Operations WKRK-FM Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" Inc. -49, 2004

    20 ". 제32차 방송위원회 정기회의 회의록." 방송위원회 2005년8월11일

    21 ". 방송프로그램의 선정성 분석. 한국방송개발연구원 분석 보고서.방송심의에 관한 규정방송프로그램의 등급 분류 및 표시 등에 관한 규칙방송법시행령방송법시행에 관한 방송위원회 규칙" 2002

    22 ". 미국의 언론감시단체. 한국언론재단 . 《세계의 언론감시단체》.서울" 한울 2004

    23 ". 미국의 방송프로그램 선정성 규제제도. 《미디어 경제와 문화》" 3 (3): 7-44, 2005

    24 ". 미국의 공영방송. 한국언론재단 . 《세계의 공영방송》." ^한울. 2003

    25 ". Self-regulation in American Television in areas aside from program content. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal13" 113 : 705-726, 1995

    26 ". Regulation of Broadcast Indecency Background and Legal analysis. CRS Report for Congress. No. RL32222." -10, 2005

    27 ". Recent developments in Program Content Regulation. Federal Communications Law Journal" 57 (57): 236-242, 2005

    28 ". On the regulation of Broadcast Indecency to Protect Children. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media" 117-, 1992

    29 ". Offensive Language in Prime-Time Television Four Years after Television agae and Content ratings." 48 (48): 554-569, 2004

    30 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture FCC DA 01-1212.Various Complaints Against the Cable/Satellite Television" 01-1212, 2001

    31 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture FCC 04-209.Complaints Against Various Television Licensees Regarding Their Broadcast on November 11 of the ABC Television Network’s Presentation of the" 2004

    32 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -224, 2004

    33 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -208, 2002

    34 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" 04-47, 2004

    35 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -2287, 2000

    36 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -1334, 2001

    37 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -1887, 2002

    38 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -812, 2001

    39 ". Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture" -17, 2004

    40 ". Joint Statement of Commissioners Kathleen Q. Abernathy and Jonathan S." 2004

    41 ". Industry Guidance on the Commission’s Case Law Interpreting 18 U.S.C §1464 and Enforcement Policies Regarding Broadcast Indecency. FCC 01-90." 2001

    42 ". How far is to far The line between offensive and indecent speech. Federal Communications Law Journal" 49 : 327-366, 1997

    43 ". FCC와 주파수 재허가 명령문 분석을 중심으로. 《미디어 경제와 문화》" 3 (3): 78-118, 2005

    44 ". Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Michael. J. Copps. FCC 04-47" 2004b

    45 ". Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Michael. J. Copps. FCC 04-234b." 2004

    46 ". Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Kevin J. Martin. FCC 04-234c" 2004

    47 ". An Alternative Justification for regulating Broadcast Indenceny. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media" 247-, 1992

    48 ". 66 ABC affiliates chose not to run ‘Saving Private Ryan. THE DETROIT NEWS. Hamling v. U.S." (v. 13) : 2004

    49 ""(2005). Memorandum opinion and order. FCC DA 05-528." 05-528, 2005

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