중년기 취업여성의 가계경제수준, 자아존중감, 역할적응 및 자아정체감 간의 구조적 관계

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 취업을 한 중년기 기혼여성의 가계경제수준, 자아존중감, 역할에 대한 적응 및 자아정체감 간의 구조적 관계모형을 검증함으로써, 이러한 내·외적 요인들이 어떠한 구조적 관계에 있는가를 알아보고, 그 변인들이 자아정체감 형성에 어느 정도로 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 서울·경기지역과 대구·경북지역에 거주하는 중년여성(40∼59세) 672명을 대상으로, 가계경제수준을 알아보기 위한 인구통계학적 자료, 자아존중감 검사, 역할에 대한 적응도 검사, 그리고 자아정체감 검사를 실시하고, SPSS 12.0 프로그램과 AMOS 4.0 프로그램을 활용하여 상관분석과 구조모형검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가계경제수준, 자아존중감 및 역할에 대한 적응은 자아정체감과 정적상관을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자아정체감 형성에 직·간접적으로 영향을 미치는 변인은 가계경제수준, 자아존중감, 직업 역할에 대한 적응, 자녀양육 역할에 대한 적응으로 나타났다. 그러나 배우자 역할에 대한 적응은 자아정체감 형성에 직접적 영향을 미치지 않았다. 셋째, 자아정체감 형성에 직접적인 상대적 영향력이 가장 큰 변인은 가계경제수준으로 나타났으며 간접적인 상대적 영향력이 가장 큰 변인은 자아존중감으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among the variables affecting the formation of the identity of the married mid-life women and to analyze the effects of those variables contributing to the formation of the identity. For this purpose, this study analyzed the possible influences of on the family income, self-esteem, role adaptations of the identity formation. Family income, Self-esteem Scale, Role Adaptation Scale, and Identity Scale were administered to random samples of 672 married mid-life women. Several statistical procedures were carried out. The correlation analysis and SEM were deployed to examine the relations between the family income, self-esteem, role adaptations(wife, paid worker, and mother), and identity by using the SPSS PC 12.0 and AMOS 4.0 program. The results of this study appeared as follows. First, there were positive correlations between the variables. In short, it is suggested that high family income, self-esteem, role adaptations of the married mid-life women helps the establishment of the identity. Second, results of the structural equation model illustrated that family income, self-esteem, and the role adaptations(paid worker and mother) indicators had direct and indirect impacts on the identity formation. However, adaptation of spouse role did not have direct effects on identity formation. Third, the family income was the most important variable influencing their formation of the identity. In addition, the self-esteem and the role adaptations(paid worker and mother) are significant mediators of the linkage between the family income and the identity formation in the married mid-life women.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 남정자, "한국인의 건강수준에 미치는 영향분석" 한국보건사회연구원 1996

2 박금자, "중년여성의 지각된 생활 스트레스와 자아존중감 및 우울의 관계" 97-113, 2002

3 최원희, "중년여성의 자아정체감과 관련요인" 20 (20): 141-150, 2006

4 변외진, "중년여성의 자아정체감 증진을 위한 내적가족체계치료 프로그램 개발 및 효과" 경북대학교 2006

5 이경혜, "중년여성의 역할적응에 따른 자아정체감 형성과 발달에 관한 연구" 15 (15): 157-176, 2001

6 김명자, "중년기의 위기. 불교상담개발원 4월 정기교양강좌 자료"

7 홍달아기, "중년기여성의 위기감과 대처에 관한 연구" 한국생활과학회 15 (15): 227-237, 2006

8 신기영, "중년기 주부의 가족역할수행과 심리적 복지에 관한 연구" 35 (35): 111-128, 1997

9 김애순, "중년기 위기감(1): 그 시기확인 및 사회경제적 변인들이 중년기 위기감에 미치는 영향" 13 (13): 1-16, 1993

10 전정자, "중년기 여성의 자아개념과 갱년기 증상과의 관계연구" 6 (6): 48-57, 1994

11 오명옥, "중년기 여성의 위기감과 자아정체감과의 관계" 4 (4): 17-31, 2000

12 고효정, "중년기 여성의 위기감과 삶의 질 관계" 6 (6): 619-631, 2000

13 김경신, "중년기 기혼여성의 자아정체감 및 위기감이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향" 39 (39): 105-120, 2001

14 김귀분, "중년 여성의 위기 경험" 한국간호과학회 32 (32): 305-316, 2002

15 박정희, "주부우울에 영향을 미치는 개인 및 가족관계변인-청소년 자녀가 있는 도시 중산층 전업주부를 중심으로-" 경희대학교 1999

16 남정자, "정신건강을 위한 접근책-우울증 실태분석을 중심으로" 1997

17 이상돈, "입원한 내과환자에서의 우울과 불안정도" 29 (29): 620-629, 1990

18 김현화, "성격특성에 따른 중년기의 적응에 관한 연구" 10 (10): 207-228, 1992

19 이행옥, "노년기 부부의 가족주의 가치관과 정서적 상호작용, 사랑과의 관계" 이화여자대학교 2002

20 홍세희, "교육학 연구에 구조방정식 모형의 적용" 2004

21 Raskin, P. M., "Women, work, and family: Three studies of roles and identity among working mothers" 49 (49): 1354-1381, 2006

22 Mitchell, V., "Women's prime of life: Is in the 50s?" 14 : 451-470, 1990

23 Barnett, R., "Women's involvement in multiple roles and psychological distress" 49 : 135-145, 1985

24 Gershenfled, M., "Women 50-65: The forgotten stage of adult development" 12 : 470-482, 1993

25 Wasaha, S., "What every women should kknow about menopause" 96 (96): 25-32, 1996

26 Helson, R., "Three paths of adult development: conservers, seekers, and achievers" 80 : 995-1010, 2001

27 McAdams, D. P., "The stories we live by: personal myths and the making of the self" William Morrow 1993

28 Erikson, E. H., "The problem of ego identity" 4 : 56-121, 1956

29 Wilmoth, M. C., "The middle years: women, sexuality and the self" 25 (25): 51-63, 1996

30 Lewis, M. S., "The life stories of less generative adults: identifying marrative and psychological features" Northwestern University 2000

31 Ross, C. E., "The impact of the family on health: The Decade in Review. in: Contemporary Families: Looking Forward, Looking" National Council on Family Relations 341-360, 1991

32 Whitbourne, S. K., "The Me I Know: A Study of Adult Identity" Spriner-Verlag 1986

33 Miller, A. M., "Social role quality and psychological well being in employed black and white midlife women" 46 (46): 371-378, 1998

34 Atchley, R., "Social forces and aging: An introduction to social gerontology" Wadsworth 2000

35 Baruch, G., "Role Quality, multiple role involvement and psychological well-being in midlife women" 51 : 578-585, 1986

36 Edelstein, L. N., "Revisiting Erikson's views on women's generativity or Erikson didn't understand mid-life women. Unpublished manuscript"

37 DeGenova, M. K., "Reflections of the past: New variables affecting life satisfaction in later life" 19 (19): 191-201, 1993

38 Vandewater, E. A., "Predicting women's well-being in midlife: the importance of personality development and social role involvements" 72 (72): 1147-1160, 1997

39 O'Neil, R., "Patterns of commitment to work and parenting: Implications for role strain" 56 : 101-118, 1994

40 Erikson, E. H., "On the generational cycle: An address" 61 : 212-223, 1980

41 Marks, S. R., "Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance" 58 : 417-432, 1996

42 Voydanoff, P., "Multiple roles and psychological distress: the intersection of the paid worker, spouse, and parent roles with the role of the adult child" 61 : 725-738, 1999

43 Peterson, B. E., "Midlife women's generativity and authoritarianism: marriage, motherhood, and 10 years of aging" 22 (22): 411-419, 2007

44 Stewart, A. J., "Middle aging in women: Patterns of personality change from the 30's to the 50's" 8 : 23-37, 2001

45 Tabor, B. L., "Mental health beliefs, practices, and knowledge of Chinese American immigrate women" 18 : 173-189, 1997

46 Peterson, B. E., "Longitudinal analysis of midlife generativity. intergenerational roles, and care-giving" 17 : 161-168, 2002

47 Willis, S. L., "Life in the middle: psychological and social development in middle age" Academic Press 1999

48 Marcia, J. E., "Identity in adolescence. in: Handbook of adolescent psychology" John Willey & Bons 159-187, 1980

49 Erikson, E. H., "Identity and the life cycle" International University Press 1959

50 Peterson, B. E., "Generativity and successful parenting: an analysis of young adult outcomes" 74 : 847-869, 2006

51 Peterson, B. E., "Generativity and authoritarianism: implications for personality, political involvement, and parenting" 72 : 1202-1216, 1997

52 Miner-Rubino, K., "Gender, social class, and subjective experience of aging: Self-perceived personality change from early adulthood to late midlife" 30 : 1599-1610, 2004

53 Korea Women's Associations United, KWAU, "For women‘s health, KWAU"

54 Adelmann, P., "Empty nest, cohort, and employment in the well-being of midlife women" 20 : 173-189, 1989

55 Zucker, A. N., "College-educated women's personality development in adulthood: Perceptions and age differences" 17 : 236-244, 2002

56 Roberts, B. W., "Career momentum in midlife women: life context, identity, and personality correlates" 3 (3): 195-208, 1998

57 Ferree, M. M., "Beyond separate spheres" 52 : 866-884, 1990

58 Staudinger, U. M., "A view on midlife development from life-span theory. in: Handbook of midlife development" John Wiley & Sons 2001

59 Shin, S. H., "A study on the relationship between ego-identity and mental health of married women" Inha University 2002

60 Thoits, P. A., "A reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis" 48 : 174-187, 1983

61 Shlaes, J. M, "A Comparative Analysis of Four Developmental Dimensions of Object Relations in Highly-and Less-Generative Adults(Generativity)" 57 (57): 4650-, 1996

62 노영주, "50대 중년 여성의 모성경험에 관한 질적 연구" 5 (5): 1-22, 2000