부산 : 식민도시와 근대도시를 넘어서 = 부산연구의 문화론적 접근

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to methodologically approach some themes of Busan studies from cultural perspectives. In general, etymology contributes to creating myths about the origin. There has been often a tendency of relating Busan with Jeungsan and denying the fact that Busan was a colonial city of Japan. Most attempts to deny the fact through viewing the city spatially are based on so-called the theory of Dongrae origin. By claiming that Dongrae is the origin of Busan, the theory denies legacies of the colonial city, but makes firm national qualities of the city. But it is clear that the discourse has some ideological limitations. The theory of Waegwan origin is as much persuasive as that of Dongrae origin. It can escape from not only the assertion that Busan was a colonial city into which a foreign concession of Japan was developed, but also the theory of Dongrae origin in which nationalism is reflected. The theory of Waegwan origin can be also a basis on which the vision of Busan is re-established. Now it is necessary to comprehensively look into Busan that was developed from a colonial into modern city. In the past, it was internationally general that colonialism greatly influenced the spatial composition and urban system of a colony as a whole. Busan is the gate or node that connects between Japan and the continent. The colonial city of Busan was developed through several stages since its opening to the outside. The above mentioned foreign concession of Japan expanded in 1901 when Busan could have its area decently formed. In 1902, an urban plan of the city began to be earnestly implemented. The colonial city of Busan dramatically changed itself since the Busanbu system was implemented in 1914. In the 1930s, Busanjin industrial complex was formed around Seomyeon. In the 1940s, Dongrae was annexed to Busanbu. In 1937, a general urban plan of the city, whose goal year was up to 1965, was established for the first time. The entire frame of Busan when it was a colony is not so different from that of the city as it is. But the two is different in the location of downtown. This clearly means that the city was spatially distorted when it was a colony. In other words, Busan couldn't help being modernized under the Japanese colonialism. Under the Japanese colonial rule, Busan was spatially distorted and at the same time had modern systems settled in it, rapidly changing the life styles of people of the city. Today the region of Busan as a whole is best characterized by so-called duality which was also best characteristic of the city when it was a colony. Busan came to have lots of industrial complexes behind as it was industrialized. And the city became a multi-layer, complex city as it was metropolitanized. During its modernization, Busan rapidly grew as the starting point of so-called the Kyeongbu development axis. Under the national division system as the subordinate of the Cold War system, Busan played a roles as the advance base of Korea's export-oriented industry as a whole. This led to forming so-called the ideology of the nation's 2nd largest city. In the period of the East-West ideological confrontation, Korea was like an island. At that time, Busan was one of the main axes of Korean economy and, undoubtedly, maintained its position as Korea's second largest city. Changes of Busan were brought by some factors. As Korea moved to the post-capitalism, major industries of Busan including the labor-intensive footwear industry became stagnant. Increase in trade between Korea and China since the collapse of the Cold War system put an economically important role onto Incheon, not Busan. One of the chronic problems of Korea, that is, concentration into the national capital region is still bringing a continuous drain of human resources of Busan. Even under these circumstances, residents of Busan are still caught by the ideology of the 2nd largest city as above mentioned. Today most basic sentiments of the residents like feeling