대종교 설립초기 일제의 탄압과 대응 양상 = The Suppression of Japanese Empire and the Reactions of Daejonggyo in Its Early Days

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This is about the suppressions on Daejonggyo by Japanese imperialists and the reactions of Daejonggyo. The suppressions and reactions were developed with both of the ‘renaming’ of Dangungyo(Daejonggyo) in 1910 and ‘the case of Gongju chapel’. This reviews the separation of Baekbong group and Patriot-Enlightenment Movement group and the subsistence of a religious order by enlightenment movement ; Baekbong`s Shingyo group had an ultranationalistic Dangun ideology. Dangungyo was founded by Nacheol on the basis of 『The Manifestation of Dangun`s lecture』proclaimed by Baekbong. It had been suppressed by Japanese imperialists since its foundation. 1910`s National Humilation made Daejonggyo, its nationalistic tendency to avoid suppression of Japan and choose a gradually progressive way of enlightenment movement instead of Baekbong`s Shingyo group. Daejonggyo renamed Dangungyo as Daejonggyo and chose Trinitarian as its faith theory ; they respected Trinitarian God of Hwanin, Hwanwoong, and Dangun. Gaegeukjeol(The National Foundation Day of Gojoseon Dynasty) was renamed as Gaecheonjeol to celebrate the birth of Heavenly God and the national foundation. The renaming was the first case which changed its nationalistic faith theory with a universal faith order respecting Heavenly God. In January of 1911, Daejonggyo faced with the second crisis of its existence with ‘the case of Gongju chapel’. This case should be classified as one of the Japanese suppressions. It was a supervision by a pro-Japanese under the Japanese colonial order. The pro-Japanese Park analyzed records about Dangun in the 『Manifestation of Dangun`s lecture and Manifestation of Five Principles』 and made an anonymous report for the Chosun Government-General on that Daejonggyo is not a religion, but an anti-Japanese disturbing national movement group. The essential parts of 「Manifestation of Five Principles」 as a practical doctrine are ‘Regaining the native land’ and ‘National solidarity’. The reaction of Daejonggyo was that changed its faith doctrine to show that it is a Sundo discipline realizing world peace and excluding an aggressive nationalistic ideology. These two cases resulted in a termination of Baekbong`s Shingyo group and Nacheol`s Daejonggyo and an establishment of Nacheol`s leadership system. Nacheol, for the existence of the religious order, changed the concept of God and doctrine. And he took a concept of ‘Shindo (Shintaoism)’ deifying Dangun as ‘Heavenly God’. However the Chosun Government-General proclaimed a ‘missionary regulation’ in Aug, 1915, and ordained Daejonggyo as a pseudo-religious group not a religion. Nacheol died a martyr to oppose Japan at Samseong temple on the 15, 8, 1916.