공황장애 환자의 초기부적응 심리도식의 특성 = Characteristics of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients with Panic Disorder

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the early maladaptive schemas in patients with panic disorder. Methods : Patients (n=35) included people who had met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for panic disorder. The normal control group (n=35) were those people who had no psychiatric disorder and had never experienced panic attack. The early maladaptive schemas and the severity of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Young Schema Questionnaire Short-form (YSQ-SF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results : The scores on the STAI-S, STAI-T, and BDI were significantly higher in the patient group. Compared to the control group, the scores of vulnerability to harm and illness, and abandonment/instability schemas were significantly higher in the patient group. In the patient group, defectiveness/shame and subjugation schemas were found to predict BDI, dependent/incompetence, abandonment/instability schemas were found to predict STAI-S, and vulnerability to harm and illness, and abandonment/instability schemas were found to predict STAI-T. In normal controls, failure and insufficient self-control/self-discipline, failure, and emotion inhibition schemas were found to predict BDI, STAI-T, and STAI-S. Conclusions : Vulnerability to harm and illness and abandonment/instability schemas may be characteristic schema in patients with panic disorder.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 임승락, "재앙화 사고의 평가 및 임상적 적용: ‘불안취약 사고경향 척도’의 표준화연구" 한국임상심리학회 21 (21): 189-206, 2002

2 이소영, "공황장애에서 Paroxetine 단기약물치료가 심리적 상태에 미치는 영향" 대한신경정신의학회 43 (43): 312-319, 2004

3 고상현, "공황장애 환자군의 기질 및 성격 특성에 관한 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 43 (43): 706-711, 2004

4 Young JE, "Young schema questionnaire short form" Cognitive Therapy Center 1998

5 Young JE, "Young Schema Questionnaire (revised ed.), In Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focussed approach. 2nd ed" Cognitive Therapy Center 1994

6 Bush FN, "Theory and technique in psychodynamic treatment of panic disorder" 8 : 234-242, 1999

7 Bandos A, "The state-trait anxiety inventory, trait version: does it really measure anxiety" 92 : 560-567, 2010

8 Schmidt NB, "The schema questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemata" 19 : 295-321, 1995

9 Stopa L, "The effect of mood on responses to the Young Schema Questionnaire: short form" 78 : 45-57, 2005

10 Lim KY, "The Characteristics of panic attack symptoms in panic disorder patients" 35 : 839-848, 1996

11 Young JE, "Schema therapy: a practitioner’s guide" Guilford Press 2003

12 Cockram DM, "Role and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam Veterans with PTSD" 17 : 165-182, 2010

13 Glittelman R, "Relationship between separation anxiety and panic and agoraphobia disorders" 17 : 56-65, 1984

14 Roy-byrne P, "Panic disorder" 368 : 1023-1032, 2006

15 Poulton R, "Nonassociative fear acquisition: a review of the evidence from retrospective and longitudinal research" 40 : 197-208, 2002

16 Gorman JM, "Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised" 158 : 58-67, 2000

17 Spielberger CD, "Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety inventory" Consulting Psychologists Press 1970

18 Baranoff J, "Factor structure and internal consistency of the Young Schema Questionnaire (Short Form) in Korean and Australian samples" 93 : 133-140, 2006

19 Unoka Z, "Eating disorder behavior and early maladaptive schemas in subgroups of eating disorders" 198 : 425-431, 2010

20 Bandelow B, "Early traumatic life events, parental attitudes, family history, and birth risk factors in patients with panic disorder" 43 : 269-278, 2002

21 Halvorsen M, "Early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character trait in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects" 16 : 394-407, 2009

22 Petrocelli JV, "Early maladaptive schemas of personality disorder subtypes" 15 : 546-559, 2001

23 Stallard P, "Early maladaptive schemas in children: Stability and differences between a community and a clinic referred sample" 14 : 10-18, 2007

24 Kim YC, "Defense mechanism in panic disorder" 37 : 415-421, 1998

25 Dutra L, "Core schemas and suicidality in a chronically traumatized population" 196 : 71-74, 2008

26 Andrews G, "Comorbidity and the general neurotic syndrome" 30 : 76-84, 1996

27 Kim YC, "Childhood parental loss and life events before panic onset in panic patients" 35 : 96-106, 1996

28 Fava L, "Causal modeling of panic disorder theories" 29 : 623-637, 2009

29 Beck AT, "An inventory for measuring depression" 4 : 561-571, 1961

30 Hahn HM, "A standardization study of Beck Depression Inventory in Korea" 25 : 487-502, 1986

31 Bouton ME, "A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder" 108 : 4-32, 2001