한국 성인의 자존감 구성요인 탐색 및 척도개발 = Exploration of the Structure of Self-esteem and Development of the Self-esteem Scale among Korean Adults

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to explore the structure of self-esteem among Korean adults and to develop a Korean Self-esteem Scale. 61 Korean adults participated in FGI (Focused Group Interview) in which they were asked to indicate situations enhancing their self-esteem as well as situations depressing their self-esteem. The content analysis of their responses yielded 14 categories with 148 characteristics of self-esteem. The list of 148 items, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale(1979), and Ryff's psychological well-being scale(1989) were administered to a nationwide sample of 1503 Korean adults in order to assess their self-esteem and psychological well-being through 6-point Likert scale. Responses from 877 participants were submitted to exploratory factor analysis and 70 items with low factor coefficient were deleted. The Korean Self-esteem Scale consisted of 78 items and 11 factors. Confirmatory factor analysis of the responses from the 611 adults showed that the 11 factor structure derived from the exploratory factor analysis was appropriate. The Korean Self-esteem Scale showed relatively high correlations with Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and Ryff's psychological well-being scale, respectively r=.39, .68. These results supported the construct validity of the Korean Self-esteem Scale. Finally the implications and limitations of the present study were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 한국 성인남녀가 생각하는 자존감의 구성요인들을 탐색하고 이를 평가하는 척도를 제작한 후, 확인적 요인분석과 Rosenberg(1979)의 자존감 척도 및 심리적 안녕감 척도(Ryff, 1989)와의 관계분석을 통해 그 타당성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 모두 두 차례의 조사가 실시되었는데, FGI형식으로 이루어진 1차 조사에서는 성인남녀 61명을 대상으로 자존감에 영향을 미치는 상황들을 조사하여 중복된 응답을 제외하고 148개의 특성들이 도출되었고, 각 특성들의 유사성에 따라 14개의 요인으로 분류되었다. 2차 조사에서는 전국 성인남녀 1503명을 대상으로 148개의 자존감 척도 예비 문항들과 Rosenberg의 자존감 척도와 Ryff의 심리적 안녕감 척도 문항들을 함께 실시하여 자신의 현재 삶의 모습을 평정하도록 하였다. 조사 2에서의 응답결과에 대한 분석은 두 부분으로 나누어 실시하였는데, 먼저 877명의 응답 자료를 바탕으로 문항 선정을 위한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 요인계수가 낮은 문항을 제외한 후 최종 11개요인, 78개의 문항으로 구성된 자존감 척도가 마련되었다. 나머지 611명의 자료는 확인적 요인분석을 위해 사용되었는데 탐색적 요인분석에서 밝혀진 요인구조가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 개발된 자존감 척도와 Rosenberg의 자존감 척도 및 심리적 안녕감 척도를 이용하여 구성개념 타당도를 확인하였다.

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