집단 내 갈등과 이직의도의 관계에서 직무만족의 매개효과: 한국과 중국 종업원들의 공통점과 차이점 = A study on the Relationship between Intragroup Conflict and Turnover Intentions, and the Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction: Commonalities and Differences between Korean and Chinese Employees

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국과 중국의 종업원들을 대상으로 집단 내 갈등이 이직의도에 미치는 영향과, 이 과정에서 직무만족이 매개역할을 하는지 살펴보았다. 한국과 중국 종업원들 각각의 집단 내 갈등, 직무만족, 이직의도의 관계를 밝히기 위해, 한국기업에 종사하는 한국 종업원들과 재중 한국계 기업에 종사하는 중국 종업원들에게서 회수된 설문을 분석하였다. 먼저, 집단 내 갈등을 관계갈등과 과업갈등으로 구분하여 각각이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 한국과 중국 모두 관계갈등과 과업갈등이 이직의도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그 다음으로 관계 및 과업갈등과 이직의도 간 직무만족의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 중국은 관계갈등과 이직의도의 관계에서, 한국은 과업갈등과 이직의도의 관계에서만 직무만족의 매개효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 다음의 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 이직의도에 대한 집단 내 갈등의 효과에서는 한국과 중국 간에 공통점이 나타났다. 이는 문화 보편적인 관점에서 이해할 수 있다. 둘째, 이직의도와 집단 내 갈등의 관계에서 직무만족의 매개효과는 한국과 중국 간에 차이점이 나타났다. 이는 문화 특수적인 관점에서 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, 이로 보건대, 관리방식에 대한 비교문화 연구에서 문화 특수성과 문화 보편성의 두 가지 접근을 동시에 고려함이 중요하다. 끝으로 본 연구의 한계점 및 미래연구방향을 제시하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한규석, "한국인의 선호가치 변화-수직적 집단주의에서 수평적 개인주의로" 13 (13): 293-310, 1999

2 김병희, "한국과 중국 대학생의 소비가치비교연구" 13 (13): 97-116, 2002

3 김병희, "한국과 중국 광고에 나타난 가치 패턴 비교" 한국광고학회 15 (15): 181-205, 2004

4 이홍개, "한·중 근로자의 동기부여 수준과 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 대한 비교연구" 한국경영교육학회 46 (46): 181-202, 2007

5 성양경, "팀 수준에서의 직무갈등과 관계갈등" 2006

6 나인강, "직무만족, 이직의도 및 이직행위의 관계에 대한 패널자료 분석" 대한경영학회 18 (18): 509-530, 2005

7 김기태, "중국진출기업의 인사전략" 37-43, 2002

8 썬쟈, "중국 실업 문제의 실태와 시사점"

9 최낙환, "정보형태에 따른 정보수용에 대한개인주의/집단주의 성향의 효과" 한국마케팅학회 4 (4): 1-54, 2002

10 박동건, "이직 모형 비교 연구: Mobley의 모형을 중심으로" 14 (14): 1-22, 2001

11 조학래, "연구개발 인력의 이직의사영향 요인" 22 (22): 81-125, 1998

12 서용원, "산업 및 조직심리학에서의 비교문화 연구" 343-376, 1997

13 조긍호, "문화와 인지: 타인이해의 연구를 중심으로" 121-163, 1995

14 홍재욱, "광고의 문화적 가치: 중국과 한국의 TV광고 비교" 한국광고학회 13 (13): 111-130, 2002

15 한상필, "광고를통해본한국문화의변화-1960년부터 2000년까지의 광고 내용분석" 한국방송광고공사 58 : 135-162, 2003

16 Morris, M. W., "Views from inside and outside: Integrating emic and etic insights about culture and justice judgments" 24 : 781-796, 1999

17 Ajzen, I., "Understanding attitude and predicting social behavoir" Prentice Hall 1980

18 Wu, C., "Transformational leadership, cohesion perceptions and employee cynicism about organizational change: The mediating role of justice perceptions" 43 (43): 327-351, 2007

19 Lee, T. W., "The unfolding model of voluntary turnover: A replication and extension" 42 : 450-462, 1999

20 Baron, R. M., "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations" 51 : 1173-1182, 1986

21 Walton, R. E., "The management of interdepartment conflict: A model and review" 14 : 73-84, 1969

22 Coser, L. A, "The functions of social conflict" Free Press 1956

23 Ding, D. Z., "The end of the ‘iron rice-bowl’: whither Chinese human resource management" 11 (11): 217-236, 2000

24 Amason, A. C., "The effects of top management team size and interaction norms on cognitive and affective conflict" 23 : 495-516, 1997

25 Nibler, R., "The effects of culture and cohesiveness on intragroup conflict and effectiveness" 143 (143): 613-631, 2003

26 Amason, A. C., "The effect of conflict on strategic decision making effectiveness and organizational performance, in Using conflict in organizations" Van de Vliert(Eds 101-115, 1997

27 De Dreu, C. K. W., "Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis" 88 : 741-749, 2003

28 Simons, T. L., "Task conflict and relationship conflict in top Management teams: the pivotal role of intragroup trust" 85 (85): 102-111, 2000

29 Triandis, H. C., "Scenarios for the Measurement of Collectivism and Individualism" 29 : 275-289, 1998

30 Campion, A., "Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work group" 46 : 823-850, 1993

31 Gergen, K. J., "Psychological Science in Cultural Context" 51 : 496-503, 1996

32 Dyck, B., "Potential conflict, conflict stimulus, and organizational performance: An empirical test" 7 (7): 295-313, 1996

33 Eisenhardt, K .M., "Politics of strategic decision making: Toward a midrange theory" 31 : 737-770, 1988

34 Wall, V., "Perceptions of inequity, satisfaction, and conflict in task-oriented groups" 39 : 1033-1052, 1986

35 March, J. G., "Organizations" Wiley 1958

36 Porter, L. W, "Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism" 80 : 151-176, 1973

37 Robbins, S. P, "Organizational Behavior" Prentice-Hall 2001

38 Tsui, A. S., "Organization and management in the midst of societal transformation: The people’s Republic of China" 15 (15): 133-144, 2004

39 Abelson, M. A., "Optimal and Dysfunctional Turnover: Toward an Organizational Level Model" 9 : 331-341, 1984

40 Weldon, E., "Operating a Foreign-invested Enterprise in China: Challenges for Managers and Management Researchers" 34 : 94-108, 1999

41 Curry, J. P, "On the causal ordering of job satisfaction and organizational commitment" 29 (29): 847-858, 1986

42 Bailey, D. E, "Modeling work group effectiveness in high-tech manufacturing environments" 32 : 361-368, 2000

43 Dorfman, P. W., "Leadership in Western and Asian countries: Commonalities and differences in effective leadership processes across cultures" 8 : 233-74, 1997

44 Pike, K. L, "Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior" Mouton 1967

45 Tett, R. P., "Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings" 46 : 259-290, 1993

46 Trevor, C. O, "Interactions among actual ease-of-movement determinants and job satisfaction in the prediction of voluntary turnover" 44 (44): 621-638, 2001

47 Triandis, H. C, "Individualism and collectivism" Westview Press 1995

48 Berry, J. W, "Imposed etics, emics, derived etics: Their conceptual and operational status in cross-cultural psychology" 1990

49 Chiou, J. S, "Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism among College Student in the United States, Taiwan, and Argentina" 141 (141): 667-678, 2001

50 Locke, E. A, "Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, in The nature and causes of job satisfaction" Rand McNally 323-349, 1976

51 Schweiger, D., "Group approaches for improving strategic decision making: A comparative analysis of dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making" 29 : 51-71, 1986

52 Becker, T. E, "Foci and bases of commitment: Are they distinctions worth making" 35 : 232-244, 1992

53 Schweiger, D., "Experiential effects of dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making" 32 : 745-772, 1989

54 Mowday, R. T., "Employee-Organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover" Academics Press 1982

55 "Employee turnover: A meta-analysis and review with implications for research" 11 : 55-70, 1986

56 Harris, "Emics and etics: The insider/outsider debate" Sage 28-47,

57 Amason, A. C, "Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management groups" 39 : 123-148, 1996

58 Pinkley, R. L, "Dimensions of conflict frame: Mediator and disputant interpretations of conflict" 75 : 117-131, 1990

59 Pelled, L. H, "Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory" 7 : 615-631, 1996

60 Hofstede,G.H, "Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values" Sage 1980

61 Hofstede, G. H, "Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values" Sage 1984

62 Markus, H. R., "Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation" 20 : 568-579, 1991

63 Triandis, H. C, "Culture and Social Behavior" McGraw-Hill 1994

64 Cheng, H., "Cultural Values Reflected in Chinese and U.S. Television Commercials" 36 (36): 27-45, 1996

65 Gelfand, M. J, "Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior" 58 : 479-514, 2007

66 Triandis, H. C, "Converging Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism" 74 (74): 118-128, 1998

67 de Mooij, M, "Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising" Sage 2004

68 Tjosvold, D., "Conflict values and team relationships: Conflict's contribution to team effectiveness and citizenship in China" 24 : 69-88, 2003

69 De Dreu, C. K. W., "Conflict in organizations: Beyond effectiveness and performance" 14 (14): 105-117, 2005

70 Boulding, K, "Conflict and Defense" Harper & Row 1963

71 Saavendra, "Complex interdependence in task-performing groups" 78 : 61-72, 1993

72 Posthuma, R. A., "Comparing the validity if turnover predictors in the United States and Mexico" 5 : 165-180, 2005

73 Bass, B. M, "Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research and managerial applications" The Free Press 1990

74 Hofstede, G. H, "Asian management in the 21stcentury" 24 : 411-420, 2007

75 Sousa-Poza, A., "Analyzing Job Mobility with Job Turnover Intentions: An International Comparative Study" 38 : 113-138, 2004

76 Salancik, G. R, "An examination of need satisfaction models of job satisfaction" 22 : 427-456, 1977

77 Mobley, W. H., "An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover" 63 : 408-414, 1978

78 Guetzkow, H., "An analysis of conflict in decision-making groups" 7 : 367-381, 1954

79 Wilcox, J. S, "Advertising Presentations of the Independent versus Interdependent Self to Korean and U.S. College Students" 7 : 159-174, 1996

80 Price, J. L., "Absenteeism and turnover of hospital employees" JAI Press 1986

81 Chan, W. T, "A source book in chinese philosophy" Princeton University Press 1963

82 Steel, R. P., "A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intentions and employee turn over" 69 : 673-686, 1984

83 Jehn, K. A, "A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups" 42 : 530-557, 1997

84 Jehn, K. A, "A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict" 40 : 256-282, 1995

85 Gladstein, D. L, "A model of task group effectiveness" 29 : 499-517, 1984