셰이머스 히니 시에 나타난 동서양 연금술의 이미지 = Eastern and Western Alchemic Images in Seamus Heaney’s Poems

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to explore the relationship with alchemistic meanings as literary images and four elements such as water, fire, air and earth, and to apply to Seamus Heaney's poems with Gaston Bachelard’s material imagination. A research that an alchemist makes for four elements' materiality is no different from writing that a poet expresses poetic words with his own. While Greek alchemy is philosophical and scientific, Egyptian alchemy is practical and mystic. The latter has thoughts for the immortality of the soul and processes for smelting, refining and remaking metals associated with ceremonies for suffering, dying and reviving. Western alchemists generally think that a soul soaks into a material as hylozoism. Chinese alchemy includes the Five Elements - fire, water, wood, metal and earth similar with four elements. Indian alchemy marks asceticism like yoga in alchemic operations. Eastern alchemy tends to associate human body with microcosmos.
Heaney creates a blacksmith or a churning worker as a kind of alchemist in his poems, like Eliade's noting that alchemists and blacksmiths are based on an occult and primitive experiences and spirits. And Heaney's poetic writings can be associated with Bachelard's archetype criticism in images of earth or bogland. In “Undine” and “Anything can Happen”, Heaney associates Irish myth with four elements' dynamic imagination. In “Away form It All”, daily life and past myth coexist dialectically. Heaney recognizes dynamic qualities of four elements and coexistence with contrary elements, fulfills alchemic images with his own poetic words.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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3 Bachelard, "Water and Dreams" Institute Publications 2002

4 Bachelard, "The Psychoanalysis of Fire" Beacon P 1968

5 Ozawa, Shigeru, "The Poetics of Symbiosis: Reading Seamus Heaney's Major Works" BookSurge 2009

6 Bachelard, "The Poetics of Space" Beacon P 1994

7 Bachelard, "The Poetics of Reverie" Beacon P 2004

8 Heaney, "The Place of Writing" Faber and Faber 1989

9 Heaney, "Station Islands" Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1985

10 Heaney, "Selected Poems 1965-1975" Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1965

11 O'Brien, Eugene, "Seamus Heaney: Creating Irelands of the Mind" Liffey 2005

12 Jung, C. G, "Psychology and Alchemy" Routledge 1968

13 Heaney, "Preoccupations: Selected Prose 1968-1978" Faber and Faber 1980

14 Bonardel, Françoise, "Philosophie de l'Alchimie" PUF 1993

15 Tobin, Daniel, "Passage to the Center: Imagination and the Sacred in the Poetry of Seamus Heaney" Kentucky UP 1999

16 Milosz, Czeslaw, "Native Realm: A Search for Self Definition" Carnanet 1981

17 Eliade, Mircea, "Forgerons et Alchimistes" Flammarion 1977

18 Bachelard, "Earth and Reveries of Will" Institute Publications 2007

19 Bachelard, "Earth and Reveries of Repose" Institute Publications 2007

20 Heaney, Seamus, "District and Circle" Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2006

21 Bachelard, Gaston, "Air and Dreams" Institute Publications 2002