統一新羅末~高麗前期 轉法輪印 石佛立像의 고찰

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As Stone Buddha images and Rock-cut Buddha images were found the most common Buddha images during between the late Unified Shilla and the early Goryu, they played a critical role in studying sculpture history of Goryu. However, the stone Buddha images, in terms of an icon and a style, have strongly indigenous characteristics rather than reflect new trends immediately. Furthermore, lack of inscription letters and related documentary records made the study difficult.
Therefore, this paper is to disclose the origin of the icon of DharmacaKramudra (Mudra of Turning the Wheel of Buddhist Law) that have still remained since the late Unified Shilla, and especially the early Goryu, and to investigate an icon, style and Buddha's name of DharmacaKramudra thereof.
The results of this research can be summed up as follows: DharmacaKramudra had changed its icon expression from DharmacaKramudra Seated Buddha of the early Unified Shilla. In other words, it had changed from Buddha Triad to Single Buddha images, and then from Seated Buddha to Standing Buddha. However, Standing Buddha 's the overall form and style, excluding Mudra, followed the style of the Standing Buddha of Unified Shilla in the 8th century. In this respect, although there is no existing exemplary Budda image, change to DharmacaKramudra Standing Buddha was considered to be progressed in the early 9th century of Unified Shilla.
In addition, with regard to dating of DharmacaKramudra, as single Buddha images rather than rock-cut Buddha images reflected a style of the Unified Shilla period, the single Buddha images were created somewhat earlier than the rock-cut Buddha images. With regard to Mudra, single Buddha images have their hands attached with more details, whereas rock-cut Buddha images excluding Hwan sang dong rock-cut Buddha image, have their hands open slightly. This proves a change of indigenous characteristics. Therefore, it can be determined that a single Buddha images dated back to the late Unified Shilla or the early Goryu, and that rock-cut Buddha images dated back to the early Goryu in the 10th or 11th century.
Although there is highly likelihood that Buddha's name of DharmacaKramudra is Amitabha Buddha like one of Unified Shilla, the study suggests that DharmacaKramudra is likely to be created as Sakyamuni Buddha along with an icon change as Standing Buddha.
Accordingly, given the genealogy of stone Buddha images during between the late Unified Shilla and the early Goryu, DharmacaKramudra inherited the tradition of Buddha images of Unified Shilla rather than reflected new styles from China. When such a view is associated with the location of DharmacaKramudra, it is estimated that Chongjoo and Boeun regions are highly linked with Unified Shilla. In this aspect, given the fact that Chongjoo became a part (Sewonkyong) of Shilla, Mokusaji stone Buddha image of Chongjoo has the same contexts with other many remains of Unified Shilla that still remain in the regions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 轉法輪印 如來立像의 도상 연원
• Ⅲ. 統一新羅末~高麗前期 轉法輪印 石佛立像의 예
• Ⅳ. 統一新羅末~高麗前期 轉法輪印 石佛立像의 양식 특징 및 尊名
• Ⅴ. 맺음말