3차원 가상세계 역할놀이를 통한 초등학교 예비교사의 문제해결력 증진 방안에 관한 사례연구 = A Case Study on 3D Virtual Role Play for Improving Problem Solving Skills of Elementary School Pre-service Teachers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Pre-service teachers need to have sufficient opportunities to develop their problem-solving competencies in real classroom contexts. The present study designed a virtual role play (VRP) activity in order to help pre-service teachers to improve their teaching competencies through authentic problem solving activities in a 3D virtual world. The purpose of this study was to investigate strengths and constraints of the VRP for elementary school pre-service teachers. The VRP activity focused on the development of competencies for teaching low-achieving students effectively. In this study, 28 elementary school pre-service teachers participated as part of their coursework for three weeks. The VRP activity consisted of six steps: (1) authentic problem presentation, (2) VRP for identifying learning issues, (3) self-regulated learning, (4) collaborative design of solutions, (5) VRP for application of solutions, (6) reflection and consolidation. Pre- and post-tests were carried out to examine the changes of pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and pedagogical knowledge for teaching low-achieving students. In addition, interviews and surveys were conducted to explore pre-service teachers’ perceptions about the VRP activity. The qualitative data were analyzed in regards to harmonies and conflicts among the activity system’s components. This study found that pre-service teachers significantly improved their pedagogical knowledge for teaching low-achieving students and their self-efficacy of adapting instructions to their students’ individual needs. In addition, this study found 6 categories and 13 sub-categories about harmonious relationships as well as 5 categories and 9 sub-categories about conflicts among the VRP activity components. Based on these findings, suggestions were provided to improve the VRP activity for the development of professional competencies in teacher education.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박양주, "활동중심 수업설계 원리 및 전략의 탐색" 한국열린교육학회 20 (20): 1-22, 2012

2 황매향, "학습코칭 역량강화 교사연구 프로그램 개발" 한국교육과정평가원 2010

3 김동일, "학습부진아 교육체계 발전방안 연구 : 의뢰 전단계 교수-학습-평가 체제를 중심으로" 9 : 226-250, 2001

4 이화진, "학습부진 학생 지도·지원의 실효성 제고를 위한대안 탐색: 학습부진 학생 지도․지원 종합 계획(안) 제안을 중심으로" 한국교육과정평가원 2009

5 백순근, "중등학교 교사의 교수역량 구성요인에 대한 이론적 고찰" 교육연구소 8 (8): 47-69, 2007

6 강인애, "웹기반 문제중심학습(Problem-Based Learning)의 개발 사례 : 초등, 고등, 대학교의 경우" 15 (15): 301-330, 1999

7 조동섭, "교원양성대학의 기능과 역량강화 방안" 한국교육행정학회 23 (23): 399-420, 2005

8 백영균, "가상현실공간에서의 교수-학습" 학지사 2010

9 Dalgarno, B., "What are the learning affordances of 3-d virtual environments?" 41 (41): 10-32, 2010

10 Barab, S. A., "Using activity theory to understand the systemic tensions characterizing a technology-rich introductory astronomy course" 9 (9): 76-107, 2002

11 Murphy, E., "Using activity theory and its principle of contradictions to guide research in educational technology" 24 (24): 442-457, 2008

12 Inman, C., "Use of Second Life in K-12 and higher education : A review of research" 9 (9): 44-63, 2010

13 DeVane, B., "Theoretical foundations of learning environments" Routledge 242-267, 2012

14 Henderson, M., "The impact of Chinese language lessons in a virtual world on university students' self-efficacy beliefs" 28 (28): 400-419, 2012

15 Cheong, D., "The effects of practice teaching sessions in Second Life on the change in pre-service teachers’ teaching efficacy" 55 (55): 868-880, 2010

16 Vasileiou, V. N., "Teaching role-playing instruction in Second Life: An exploratory study" 5 : 25-50, 2010

17 Brown, J. S., "Situated cognition and the culture of learning" 18 : 32-42, 1989

18 Ryan, R. M., "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being" 55 : 68-78, 2000

19 Hmelo-Silver, C. E., "Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning : A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark(2006)" 42 (42): 99-107, 2007

20 Gregory, S., "Real thinking with virtual hats : A role-playing activity for pre-service teachers in Second Life" 28 (28): 420-440, 2012

21 Cho, Y. & Jung, J., "Proceedings of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference" AACE 1646-1653, 2008

22 Barrows, H. S., "Problem-based learning: An approach to medical education" Springer 1980

23 Russell, C., "Online role-play environments for higher education" 41 (41): 992-1002, 2010

24 Vygotsky, L. S., "Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes" Harvard university press 1978

25 Hayes, A. T., "Ludic Learning : Exploration of TLE TeachLivE™ and effective teacher training" 5 (5): 20-33, 2013

26 Omale, N., "Learning in 3‐D multiuser virtual environments : Exploring the use of unique 3‐D attributes for online problem‐based learning" 40 (40): 480-495, 2009

27 Engeström, Y., "Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research" Orienta-Konsultit 1987

28 Jonassen, D. H., "Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes" 45 (45): 65-94, 1997

29 Jamaludin, A., "Fostering argumentative knowledge construction through enactive role play in Second Life" 53 : 317-329, 2009

30 Jonassen, D. H., "Fostering argumentation while solving engineering ethics problems" 100 (100): 680-702, 2011

31 Engeström, Y., "Expansive learning at work : Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization" 14 (14): 133-156, 2001

32 Antonacci, D. M., "Envisioning the educational possibilities of user-created virtual worlds" 16 (16): 115-126, 2008

33 Kolodner, J. L., "Educational implications of analogy : A view from case-based reasoning" 52 (52): 57-66, 1997

34 Pellegrino, J. W., "Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century" National Academies Press 2012

35 Skaalvik, E. M., "Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout" 99 (99): 611-625, 2007

36 Gao, F., "Comparing role-playing activities in Second Life and face-to-face environments" 20 (20): 423-443, 2009

37 Gregory, S., "Changing directions through VirtualPREX: Engaging pre-service teachers in virtual professional experience" 491-501, 2011

38 Blin, F., "CALL and the development of learner autonomy : Towards an activity-theoretical perspective" 16 (16): 377-395, 2004

39 Johnson, D. W., "An educational psychology success story : Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning" 38 : 365-379, 2009

40 Jonassen, D. H., "Activity theory as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments" 47 (47): 61-79, 1999

41 Duncan, I., "A taxonomy of virtual worlds usage in education" 43 (43): 949-964, 2012