법인의 형사책임에 관한 현행법제의 개선방안 -형법전상 법인의 형사책임귀속을 위한 기준 정립을 중심으로- = Suggestions for Improvements in Korean Laws on Corporate Criminal Liability -Focusing on Establishing Standards for Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability in the Korean Criminal Act-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the Korean Criminal Act, there is no provision stating that corporations can commit crimes. As the necessity of punishing corporations has been growing, however, the corporations have been criminally punished through the joint punishment provisions in a number of statutes other than the Korean Criminal Act. However, such provisions have been regarded as highly problematic. So, this Article deals with how to improve the Korean laws on corporate criminal liability. In so doing, this Article examines both the current Korean laws and the U.S. laws on corporate criminal liability. Such U.S. laws are distinguished from the Korean laws in that the U.S. laws have recognized that corporations can commit crimes and have established two standards under which corporations can be held criminally liable: the doctrine of respondeat superjor and the Model Penal Code standard. When considering the problems with regard to the current Korean laws on corporate criminal liability and the comparative analysis with the U.S. laws on such liability, it seems more proper for the Korean Criminal Act to include the provision stating corporations can commit crimes and the standards for imposing corporate criminal liability as well. A corporation should be held criminally liable for the crime of its directors or high-managerial agents when they acted within the scope of their employment. On the other hand, a corporation should be held criminally liable for the crime of its mere agents or employees only when the corporation failed to supervise the agents or the employees. As a result, the fact that the corporation has designed and implemented effective compliance program to deter and detect the crime of its agents or employees would constitute an affirmative defense against the corporation`s criminal liability.

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