Ancient ocean crossings : reconsidering the case for contacts with the pre-Columbian Americas

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Illustrations = ix
• Preface = xi
• Acknowledgments = xvii
• Introduction = 1
• PART Ⅰ INTELLECTUAL OBSTACLES TO THE NOTION OF EARLY TRANSOCEANIC CONTACTS = 13
• 1 The Myth of the Oceans as Uncrossable Barriers = 15
• 2 Before Columbus, the Earth was "Flat"? Flat Wrong = 27
• 3 Conveyor Belts of the Seas : The Prevailing Winds and Currents = 32
• 4 Staying Alive While Crossing the Deep = 43
• 5 Getting the Drift : Accidental Voyages and Discoveries = 48
• 6 No Plague in the Land? The Alleged American Absence of Old World Communicable Diseases = 57
• 7 Why Most Domesticated Animals and Plants Stayed Home = 71
• 8 Low Tech : The Absences of Many Old World Inventions in the New World = 80
• 9 More on the Whys of Technological Absences = 95
• 10 The Mystery of the Missing Artifacts = 103
• 11 The Supposed Silence of the Historical Record = 120
• 12 The "Silent" Historical Record Speaks : Documents Possibly Describing Pre-Columbian Crossings = 130
• PART Ⅱ MEANS : THE TYPES AND AVAILABILITIES OF WATERCRAFT AND NAVIGATION = 143
• 13 Some Nautical Myths and Issues = 145
• 14 The Myth of the Inadequacy of Pre-Columbian Watercraft = 152
• 15 It's Earlier Than You Think : The Antiquity of Seagoing Watercraft = 167
• 16 Have Sail, Will Travel : The Origins, Types, and Capabilities of Sails and Rigs = 173
• 17 Products of the Paleolithic : Rafts = 182
• 18 Out of the Ice Age : Skin Boats of the North = 192
• 19 Mesolithic and Neolithic Legacies : Dugouts and Lashed-Plank Watercraft = 196
• 20 Hulled Wooden Ships East and West : The Junk and the Nao = 206
• 21 Modern Experimental Voyages : The Empirical Approach = 217
• 22 Asea without a Compass : Celestial Way-Finding = 233
• 23 A Matter of Course : Seamarks and Haven-Finding = 246
• PART Ⅲ MOTIVES FOR OCEAN CROSSINGS = 257
• 24 Repellants = 259
• 25 Attractants = 266
• PART Ⅳ OPPORTUNITY FOR EXCHANGE : CONCRETE DEMONSTRATIONS OF CONTACTS = 283
• 26 Shared Physical Materials, Domesticated Animals, and Diseases = 285
• 27 Shared Cultigens : From New into Old (World) = 298
• 28 Cultivated Plants : Old World Cropping Up in the New = 314
• 29 Tobacco, Coca, and Cannabis : The Mummies Speak, but the Scientists Stand Mute = 320
• 30 Old World Faces in New World Places = 329
• 31 Incongruous Genes in America = 340
• PART Ⅴ CONCLUSIONS = 357
• 32 Mission Possible : Crossings Occurred = 359
• Notes = 363
• Works Cited = 399
• Index = 461