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      Inhibition of B Lymphopoiesis by Adipocytes and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T14819678

      • 저자
      • 발행사항

        Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016

      • 학위수여대학

        Loyola University Chicago Microbiology and Immunology

      • 수여연도

        2016

      • 작성언어

        영어

      • 주제어
      • 학위

        Ph.D.

      • 페이지수

        219 p.

      • 지도교수/심사위원

        Adviser: Katherine L. Knight.

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      B lymphopoiesis declines with age in humans, mice, and rabbits. Impaired B lymphopoiesis correlates with increased fat in the bone marrow (BM), suggesting that adipocytes negatively regulate this process. In fact, adipocyte factors were found to inhibit B cell development in BM cultures.
      Our goal was to understand the mechanism by which adipocytes inhibit B cell development. Through culturing mouse BM cells on OP9 stromal cells in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), we found that adipocytes promote the accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells were not simply bystanders, as we report for the first time that MDSCs potently inhibit B cell development.
      ACM-generated MDSCs express high levels of arginase and iNos, which are important for suppressing T cells. However, these effector molecules did not mediate the loss of B lymphopoiesis. By cytokine array analysis of MDSC-CM, we found that ACM-generated MDSCs produce IL-1. Further, neutralization of IL-1 in BM cultures containing MDSCs restored B lymphopoiesis, suggesting that MDSCs inhibit via IL-1. Inhibition by IL-1 did not directly block B lineage development, but instead acted at the MPP stage of hematopoietic development to drive myelopoiesis at the expense of B lymphopoiesis.
      In contrast to humans and mice, where B lymphopoiesis declines in mid-to-late life, B lymphopoiesis arrests at two-to-four months of age in rabbits. Characterization of rabbit BM showed an increased number of adipocytes, an expanded myeloid compartment, and increased expression of inflammatory factors when B lymphopoiesis is arrested. This reduction in B lymphopoiesis and increase in myeloid cells was recapitulated in BM cultures treated with BM fat-CM. These data coupled with the identification of an inhibitory myeloid population, suggest that the BM microenvironment is responsible for the arrest of B lymphopoiesis in rabbits.
      Our study has uncovered potential targets for therapies aimed at boosting B lymphopoiesis in scenarios with fatty BM, such as aging and obesity. For example, blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome in ACM-treated BM cultures prevented MDSC accumulation and enhanced B lymphopoiesis. We envision this observation; along with our other findings will provide insight into mechanisms that negatively regulate B cell development in fatty BM.
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      B lymphopoiesis declines with age in humans, mice, and rabbits. Impaired B lymphopoiesis correlates with increased fat in the bone marrow (BM), suggesting that adipocytes negatively regulate this process. In fact, adipocyte factors were found to inhi...

      B lymphopoiesis declines with age in humans, mice, and rabbits. Impaired B lymphopoiesis correlates with increased fat in the bone marrow (BM), suggesting that adipocytes negatively regulate this process. In fact, adipocyte factors were found to inhibit B cell development in BM cultures.
      Our goal was to understand the mechanism by which adipocytes inhibit B cell development. Through culturing mouse BM cells on OP9 stromal cells in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), we found that adipocytes promote the accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells were not simply bystanders, as we report for the first time that MDSCs potently inhibit B cell development.
      ACM-generated MDSCs express high levels of arginase and iNos, which are important for suppressing T cells. However, these effector molecules did not mediate the loss of B lymphopoiesis. By cytokine array analysis of MDSC-CM, we found that ACM-generated MDSCs produce IL-1. Further, neutralization of IL-1 in BM cultures containing MDSCs restored B lymphopoiesis, suggesting that MDSCs inhibit via IL-1. Inhibition by IL-1 did not directly block B lineage development, but instead acted at the MPP stage of hematopoietic development to drive myelopoiesis at the expense of B lymphopoiesis.
      In contrast to humans and mice, where B lymphopoiesis declines in mid-to-late life, B lymphopoiesis arrests at two-to-four months of age in rabbits. Characterization of rabbit BM showed an increased number of adipocytes, an expanded myeloid compartment, and increased expression of inflammatory factors when B lymphopoiesis is arrested. This reduction in B lymphopoiesis and increase in myeloid cells was recapitulated in BM cultures treated with BM fat-CM. These data coupled with the identification of an inhibitory myeloid population, suggest that the BM microenvironment is responsible for the arrest of B lymphopoiesis in rabbits.
      Our study has uncovered potential targets for therapies aimed at boosting B lymphopoiesis in scenarios with fatty BM, such as aging and obesity. For example, blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome in ACM-treated BM cultures prevented MDSC accumulation and enhanced B lymphopoiesis. We envision this observation; along with our other findings will provide insight into mechanisms that negatively regulate B cell development in fatty BM.

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