기업의 생산성과 계측관련에 대한 고찰 - 일본 사례를 중심으로 - = A Study on the Productivity and Measurement of Enterprises

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Achieved through input expansion rather than productivity increase. Therefore, he argues that the economy of East Asia is not a sustainable growth system.
Production improvements generally refer to labor productivity. However, as there are units to labor productivity, it is clear and easy to understand but it only uses the input elements of labor and capital so there may be limitations to productivity measurements in a complex industrial society like the one we have today. Because of this, interest in TFP concepts is increasing.
According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and surveys of The Conference Board, the productivity increase rates of major countries have been rapidly decreasing since the early 2000s. The productivity of America, which had increased an annual average of 2.5% during the years of 1995 to 2005 showed an increase rate of less than a mere 1.0% for 10 years since 2005 and the productivity increase rate of Germany also fell from 1.7% to 0.7%. The productivity increase rate of Japan also decreased greatly from 1.8% to 0.8%. Theoretically, for a country’s economy to grow, resources such as labor and capital must be input more or productivity must be increased.
However, great results are not being seen even when resources of employment are being input.
Conclusively, if productivity cannot be increased even if many people work, then economic growth cannot be achieved as expected. While productivity is not everything, it does have an important role in economic growth or wage increases in the long-term.
In the case of Japan, according to The Conference Board, the labor productivity per hour in 2016 was 44.9 dollars, making it 23rd among 63 countries so it has not shown improvement in the past 20 years.
Japan has had high levels of factory productivity for the past twenty years but its overall productivity appears to be horrible. In particular, their overall national productivity is at a low level when the service field is included. High levels of productivity are even more important for the economic growth and living standard improvements of Japan, in which the population is decreasing. As the growth momentum of Japan’s economy is weakening due to a decrease in the productive population following low birth rates and aging, labor productivity improvements are the goal of their national economic policies for the resolution of this problem.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 藤原裕行, "税務データを用いた分配側GDPの計算" 日本銀行 123-126, 2016

2 藤原裕行, "税務データを用いた分配側GDPの計算" 日本銀行 121-124, 2016

3 滝澤美帆, "日米産業別労働生産水準比較" 日本生産性本部 234-240, 2016

4 黑田昌裕, "日本経済の一般均衡分析" 筑摩書房 23-31, 1974

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6 深尾京司, "サ-ビス事業生産性-決定要因と向上対策(2016-2020年度, 一橋大学)" 一橋大學経済研究所 67-,