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      현대 프랑스 페미니즘이 직면한 현실 (1) -미국산 프랑스 페미니즘의 탄생과 확산을 중심으로 = The reality of contemporary french feminist (1)-Around birth and diffusion of french feminism invented in US

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101802247

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      In the history of feminism, french feminism takes an important status. What is interesting however is that, for most french feminists, this reality can not be accepted uncritically. Moreover, they do not hesitate to affirm that the french feminism, which deals with importance in the feminist discourse today is not their own feminism. According to them, the concept of french feminism, which is recognized everywhere in the world, is only a result produced by the anglophone feminists, which does not take at all into account the full context of feminism in France. In this context, they claim forcefully the need to distinguish the french feminism developed by themselves of the feminism invented by the anglophone feminist, that is to say, of the ``french feminism``. Our study, based on the basic agreement with questioning of this reality of french feminists, is primarily to examine the process in which the french feminism came to deform, revive and spread by anglophone feminists, and, moreover, to understand the reasons for this situation. It is for us to question how they ``represent`` the french feminism; well, we will suspend the judgment on the rightness of their perspective on feminism or concrete context of their discourse. The first occasion of this situation is given by an internal crisis of the french feminist society: the conflict between the participants in the MLF, which refers to the collective political struggle of french women in 1970 whose claim is truly to deconstruct the patriarchal system. The conflict stemmed from the fundamental difference in the positions about the priority to lead the struggle, between a group called ≪Psych and Po≫ and other participants of MLF. ≪Psych and Po≫ differs mainly clear from other participants in his major way to struggle against patriarchal system : for the latter, the women`s movement must concentrate in a struggle against the social system, because the subordination of women is essentially the result of social condition. On the other side, ≪Psych and Po≫ claimed that the symbolic system must be subverted first, since it is the most responsible for the oppression of woman. In this position, the group developed the necessary theories for discourses on the subversion of symbolic system of patriarchy. However, it is not this difference itself that caused the conflict in MLF; one can find the determining factor in the mistaken ambition of this group, who wanted to present itself as the political and intellectual center of the MLF by appropriating the history and struggles of MLF. Indeed, he put this ambition into practice by appropriating the right to speak of MLF through his organizational strength and influence on publishing market. Finally, this attempt has arrived with the result that the groupe has succeeded to legally gain the exclusive property on the name MLF in 1979. The alteration of french feminism, started by this inner conflict, arrives to worsen in the process where it was introduced in the United States. The american feminist academy, interested in the new french feminism since 1968, began to introduce it to american readers, but under the perspective of ≪Psych and Po≫. Therefore, in the United States, the prospect that the new french feminism is not anything other than the idea of ?this group was installed. It was defined as an idea that prefers the theory to practice, the Lacan`s psychoanalysis to materialism, literary and philosophical discourses to the social and historical. And in this context, they confered the title of representative of the french feminism on ≪Psych et Po≫ and the trio, Julia Kristeva, Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray, who in that time in France, were not even considered as feminist. When we consider that they knew already the conflict between french feminists and that a certain regularity was revealed in their way to deform the french feminism, this situation must be considered as a result produced by their intention to remake the french feminism according their own need. If it was, why did they invent the french feminism? We can answer this question according to three factors. First, the hegemony of literature who took the lead in american women`s studies, second, the imperialism of american feminists who wanted to appropriate a part of french culture for their purpose, and, finally, their desire to escape criticism on their choice for a return to essentialism by using the french feminism. And today, through this process, the diversity of discourses developed by french feminist happens to hardly be noticed in the international intellectual society.
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      In the history of feminism, french feminism takes an important status. What is interesting however is that, for most french feminists, this reality can not be accepted uncritically. Moreover, they do not hesitate to affirm that the french feminism, wh...

      In the history of feminism, french feminism takes an important status. What is interesting however is that, for most french feminists, this reality can not be accepted uncritically. Moreover, they do not hesitate to affirm that the french feminism, which deals with importance in the feminist discourse today is not their own feminism. According to them, the concept of french feminism, which is recognized everywhere in the world, is only a result produced by the anglophone feminists, which does not take at all into account the full context of feminism in France. In this context, they claim forcefully the need to distinguish the french feminism developed by themselves of the feminism invented by the anglophone feminist, that is to say, of the ``french feminism``. Our study, based on the basic agreement with questioning of this reality of french feminists, is primarily to examine the process in which the french feminism came to deform, revive and spread by anglophone feminists, and, moreover, to understand the reasons for this situation. It is for us to question how they ``represent`` the french feminism; well, we will suspend the judgment on the rightness of their perspective on feminism or concrete context of their discourse. The first occasion of this situation is given by an internal crisis of the french feminist society: the conflict between the participants in the MLF, which refers to the collective political struggle of french women in 1970 whose claim is truly to deconstruct the patriarchal system. The conflict stemmed from the fundamental difference in the positions about the priority to lead the struggle, between a group called ≪Psych and Po≫ and other participants of MLF. ≪Psych and Po≫ differs mainly clear from other participants in his major way to struggle against patriarchal system : for the latter, the women`s movement must concentrate in a struggle against the social system, because the subordination of women is essentially the result of social condition. On the other side, ≪Psych and Po≫ claimed that the symbolic system must be subverted first, since it is the most responsible for the oppression of woman. In this position, the group developed the necessary theories for discourses on the subversion of symbolic system of patriarchy. However, it is not this difference itself that caused the conflict in MLF; one can find the determining factor in the mistaken ambition of this group, who wanted to present itself as the political and intellectual center of the MLF by appropriating the history and struggles of MLF. Indeed, he put this ambition into practice by appropriating the right to speak of MLF through his organizational strength and influence on publishing market. Finally, this attempt has arrived with the result that the groupe has succeeded to legally gain the exclusive property on the name MLF in 1979. The alteration of french feminism, started by this inner conflict, arrives to worsen in the process where it was introduced in the United States. The american feminist academy, interested in the new french feminism since 1968, began to introduce it to american readers, but under the perspective of ≪Psych and Po≫. Therefore, in the United States, the prospect that the new french feminism is not anything other than the idea of ?this group was installed. It was defined as an idea that prefers the theory to practice, the Lacan`s psychoanalysis to materialism, literary and philosophical discourses to the social and historical. And in this context, they confered the title of representative of the french feminism on ≪Psych et Po≫ and the trio, Julia Kristeva, Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray, who in that time in France, were not even considered as feminist. When we consider that they knew already the conflict between french feminists and that a certain regularity was revealed in their way to deform the french feminism, this situation must be considered as a result produced by their intention to remake the french feminism according their own need. If it was, why did they invent the french feminism? We can answer this question according to three factors. First, the hegemony of literature who took the lead in american women`s studies, second, the imperialism of american feminists who wanted to appropriate a part of french culture for their purpose, and, finally, their desire to escape criticism on their choice for a return to essentialism by using the french feminism. And today, through this process, the diversity of discourses developed by french feminist happens to hardly be noticed in the international intellectual society.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 조앤 W. 스콧, "페미니즘 위대한 역설" 앨피 2006

      2 Marks, Elaine, "Women and Literature in France" 3 (3): 832-842, 1978

      3 Hester Eisenstein, "The Future of difference" G.K. Hall 1980

      4 Moi, Toril, "Sexual/Textual Politics" Routledge 1988

      5 Burke, Carolyn Greenstein, "Report from Paris : Women’s Writing and the Women’s Movement" 3 (3): 843-855, 1978

      6 Elaine Marks, "New French Feminism" University of Massachusetts Press 1980

      7 Moses, Claire, "Made in America : ‘French Feminism’ in United States Academic Discourse" 11 (11): 17-31, 1996

      8 Picq, Françoise, "Libération des femmes: Les années-Mouvement" Seuil 1993

      9 Rodgers, Catherine, "Le Deuxième sexe de Simone de Beauvoir : un héritage admiré et contesté" L’Harmattan 1998

      10 Beauvoir, Simone de, "La Force des choses" Gallimard 1963

      1 조앤 W. 스콧, "페미니즘 위대한 역설" 앨피 2006

      2 Marks, Elaine, "Women and Literature in France" 3 (3): 832-842, 1978

      3 Hester Eisenstein, "The Future of difference" G.K. Hall 1980

      4 Moi, Toril, "Sexual/Textual Politics" Routledge 1988

      5 Burke, Carolyn Greenstein, "Report from Paris : Women’s Writing and the Women’s Movement" 3 (3): 843-855, 1978

      6 Elaine Marks, "New French Feminism" University of Massachusetts Press 1980

      7 Moses, Claire, "Made in America : ‘French Feminism’ in United States Academic Discourse" 11 (11): 17-31, 1996

      8 Picq, Françoise, "Libération des femmes: Les années-Mouvement" Seuil 1993

      9 Rodgers, Catherine, "Le Deuxième sexe de Simone de Beauvoir : un héritage admiré et contesté" L’Harmattan 1998

      10 Beauvoir, Simone de, "La Force des choses" Gallimard 1963

      11 Remy, Monique, "Histoire des mouvements de femmes : de l’utopie à l’intégration" l’Harmattan 1990

      12 Georges Duby, "Histoire des femmes en Occident V : Le XXe siècle" Plon 1992

      13 Allwood, Gill, "French Feminism : Gender and vilolence in contemporary theory" UCL Press 1998

      14 Claire Duchen, "French Connections : voices from the women's movement in France" University of Massachusetts Press 1987

      15 Delphy, Christine, "Another Look, Another Woman : Retranslations of French Feminism" Yale University Press 190-221, 1995

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      학술지 이력

      학술지 이력
      연월일 이력구분 이력상세 등재구분
      2022 평가예정 재인증평가 신청대상 (재인증)
      2019-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (계속평가) KCI등재
      2016-01-01 평가 등재학술지 선정 (계속평가) KCI등재
      2015-12-01 평가 등재후보로 하락 (기타) KCI등재후보
      2015-11-09 학술지명변경 한글명 : Comparative Korean Studies -> 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies KCI등재
      2011-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) KCI등재
      2009-01-01 평가 등재 1차 FAIL (등재유지) KCI등재
      2006-01-01 평가 등재학술지 선정 (등재후보2차) KCI등재
      2005-01-01 평가 등재후보 1차 PASS (등재후보1차) KCI등재후보
      2004-01-01 평가 등재후보학술지 유지 (등재후보2차) KCI등재후보
      2003-01-01 평가 등재후보 1차 PASS (등재후보1차) KCI등재후보
      2002-01-01 평가 등재후보학술지 유지 (등재후보1차) KCI등재후보
      2001-01-01 평가 등재후보학술지 선정 (신규평가) KCI등재후보
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      학술지 인용정보

      학술지 인용정보
      기준연도 WOS-KCI 통합IF(2년) KCIF(2년) KCIF(3년)
      2016 0.49 0.49 0.42
      KCIF(4년) KCIF(5년) 중심성지수(3년) 즉시성지수
      0.46 0.49 0.818 0.06
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