현대 프랑스 페미니즘이 직면한 현실 (1) -미국산 프랑스 페미니즘의 탄생과 확산을 중심으로 = The reality of contemporary french feminist (1)-Around birth and diffusion of french feminism invented in US

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the history of feminism, french feminism takes an important status. What is interesting however is that, for most french feminists, this reality can not be accepted uncritically. Moreover, they do not hesitate to affirm that the french feminism, which deals with importance in the feminist discourse today is not their own feminism. According to them, the concept of french feminism, which is recognized everywhere in the world, is only a result produced by the anglophone feminists, which does not take at all into account the full context of feminism in France. In this context, they claim forcefully the need to distinguish the french feminism developed by themselves of the feminism invented by the anglophone feminist, that is to say, of the ``french feminism``. Our study, based on the basic agreement with questioning of this reality of french feminists, is primarily to examine the process in which the french feminism came to deform, revive and spread by anglophone feminists, and, moreover, to understand the reasons for this situation. It is for us to question how they ``represent`` the french feminism; well, we will suspend the judgment on the rightness of their perspective on feminism or concrete context of their discourse. The first occasion of this situation is given by an internal crisis of the french feminist society: the conflict between the participants in the MLF, which refers to the collective political struggle of french women in 1970 whose claim is truly to deconstruct the patriarchal system. The conflict stemmed from the fundamental difference in the positions about the priority to lead the struggle, between a group called ≪Psych and Po≫ and other participants of MLF. ≪Psych and Po≫ differs mainly clear from other participants in his major way to struggle against patriarchal system : for the latter, the women`s movement must concentrate in a struggle against the social system, because the subordination of women is essentially the result of social condition. On the other side, ≪Psych and Po≫ claimed that the symbolic system must be subverted first, since it is the most responsible for the oppression of woman. In this position, the group developed the necessary theories for discourses on the subversion of symbolic system of patriarchy. However, it is not this difference itself that caused the conflict in MLF; one can find the determining factor in the mistaken ambition of this group, who wanted to present itself as the political and intellectual center of the MLF by appropriating the history and struggles of MLF. Indeed, he put this ambition into practice by appropriating the right to speak of MLF through his organizational strength and influence on publishing market. Finally, this attempt has arrived with the result that the groupe has succeeded to legally gain the exclusive property on the name MLF in 1979. The alteration of french feminism, started by this inner conflict, arrives to worsen in the process where it was introduced in the United States. The american feminist academy, interested in the new french feminism since 1968, began to introduce it to american readers, but under the perspective of ≪Psych and Po≫. Therefore, in the United States, the prospect that the new french feminism is not anything other than the idea of ?this group was installed. It was defined as an idea that prefers the theory to practice, the Lacan`s psychoanalysis to materialism, literary and philosophical discourses to the social and historical. And in this context, they confered the title of representative of the french feminism on ≪Psych et Po≫ and the trio, Julia Kristeva, Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray, who in that time in France, were not even considered as feminist. When we consider that they knew already the conflict between french feminists and that a certain regularity was revealed in their way to deform the french feminism, this situation must be considered as a result produced by their intention to remake the french feminism according their own need. If it was, why did they invent the french feminism? We can answer this question according to three factors. First, the hegemony of literature who took the lead in american women`s studies, second, the imperialism of american feminists who wanted to appropriate a part of french culture for their purpose, and, finally, their desire to escape criticism on their choice for a return to essentialism by using the french feminism. And today, through this process, the diversity of discourses developed by french feminist happens to hardly be noticed in the international intellectual society.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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