"매혹적인 모순" = "Fascinating Incongruities": Elizabeth Bishop's Spiritual Poetics (1)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Elizabeth Bishop's relationship to Christianity has been regarded as ambivalent, sometimes vexed. This essay explores the undercurrent of religious, spiritual musings in Bishop's poems and proposes that her spiritual poems, in the form of "fascinating incongruities," successfully pose religious and ethical questions in her/our time. Challenging the recent academic practice on the relationship between Bishop and religion, I will go further into attempting a playful reading of "The Prodigal" and "One Art" as the intersection of secularity and spirituality.
How did Bishop confront the values embedded in the tradition of Christian allegory, how did she wrestle with the status of homelessness in her poems, how did she contemplate and describe the human condition of 'being lost'? Following these questions, the intangible connection between alcohol and poetic imagination, between loss and writing can also be noted. Above all, I argue that Bishop's spiritual wanderings presented in these two 'overtly and covertly' religious poems without the presence of God are, in fact, the sign of ethical responsibility to her life as a poet. And I call her spiritual response to the status of 'being lost' as 'po-ethica.'

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• Ⅱ. 돌아오지 않는 탕자, 몰락의 윤리
• Ⅲ. 놓아주기와 체념의 미학
• Ⅳ. 글을 나가며
• 인용문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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2 박재열, "엘리자베스 비숍과 들뢰즈의 ‘잠재성’" 한국현대영미시학회 17 (17): 93-122, 2011

3 B. 스피노자, "에티카" 서광사 2007

4 이홍필, "엄밀성의 미학: 엘리자베스 비숍의 시" 4 : 195-228, 1999

5 윤명옥, "상실과 글쓰기: 엘리자베스 비숍의 「한 가지 기술」과 「마을에서」" 인문학연구원 95 : 107-132, 2012

6 황준호, "미디어, 전쟁, 전쟁시: 미츠이 야마다, 엘리자베스 비숍, 뮤리엘 러카이저의 경우" 한국현대영미시학회 13 (13): 173-190, 2007

7 김양순, "무어, 로월과의 관계 속에서 엘리자베스 비숍 읽기 —비숍 시의“내적 특성”들여다보기" 한국영어영문학회 55 (55): 25-59, 2009

8 신형철, "몰락의 에티카" 문학동네 2008

9 Bishop, Elizabeth., "The Completed Poems : 1927-1979" Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1979

10 Bishop, Elizabeth., "The Collected Prose" Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1979

11 Bishop, Elizabeth., "Poems, Prose, and Letters" Library of America 2008

12 Brogan, Jacqueline Vaught., "Naming the Thief in ‘Babylon’ : Elizabeth Bishop and ‘the Moral of the Story" 62 : 514-534, 2001

13 Tracy, David., "Metaphor and Religion: The Test Case of Christian Texts" U of Chicago P 89-104, 1979

14 Costello, Bonnie., "Marianne Moore and Elizabeth Bishop : Friendship and Influence" 30 : 130-149, 1984

15 Walker, Cheryl., "God and Elizabeth Bishop: Meditations on Religion and Poetry" Palgrave Macmillan 2005

16 Goldensohn, Lorrie., "Elizabeth Bishop: The Biography of a Poetry" Columbia UP 1991

17 Fountain, Gary, "Elizabeth Bishop: An Oral Biography" U of Massachusetts P 1944

18 Millier, Brett., "Elizabeth Bishop : Life and the Memory of It" U of California P 1993

19 McCabe, Susan., "Elizabeth Bishop : Her Poetics of Loss" Pennsylvania State UP 1994

20 Lynch, William F., "Christ and Apollo : The Dimensions of the Literary Imagination" Sheed and Ward 1960

21 Kalstone, David., "Becoming of a Poet" Farar, Straus and Giroux 1989

22 Merrin, Jeredith., "An Enabling Humility : Marianne Moore, Elizabeth Bishop, and the Uses of Tradition" Rutgers UP 1990

23 Corelle, Laurel Snow., "A Poet’s High Argument: Elizabeth Bishop and Christianity" U of South Carolina P 2008

24 Page, Barbara., "2Elizabeth Bishop: Poet of the Periphery" U of Newcastle 2002