19세기 오스만제국의 위기와 ‘이슬람적 근대화’ = ‘Islamic Modernization’ in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study seeks to account for the persistence of Islam in allegedly secular endeavors, the combative stance toward the empire’s perceived enemies, the Western powers in particular, and the critical role of Ottoman agency in this period. Restoring the notion of agency is vital to overcoming the misperception that outside influences determined the “fate” of the late Ottoman Empire. The policies of the state were often reactive, its room for maneuver was clearly limited, and gaps existed between the ideal expectations and actual results, yet it is important to remember that Ottoman policy was committed to creating its own solutions and that these solutions did not necessarily conform to Western models or Westernizing historical perceptions.
Until now, the resulting fusion of influences and its experimental, transitory nature has been little appreciated because they have not conformed to the prevailing notions of Western influence and Eastern passivity. In the certainty of historical hindsight, it has become all too easy to forget that even in the latter years of the Ottoman Empire, the so-called Sick Man of Europe was hardly preparing his grave. As numerous scholars have pointed out, the teleological examination of Ottoman decline has all too often obscured the continued political might of the empire. Rather, faced with the internal threat of national fragmentation as well as the external threat of European imperial aspirations of conquering its territories, the Ottoman government was eager to forge a new identity with which it would be able survive into the modern age. A wariness of Western encroachment of all kinds translated into a more combative approach to the West in general and a more selective adaptation of its institutions. Seen in this light, Westernization was not just a matter of importation. Rather, it was a complex process of acculturation, in which Western ideas, manners, and institutions were selectively adopted, and evolved into different forms set in a different context.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• Ⅱ. 오스만제국의 위기와 개혁의 시행
• Ⅲ. 탄지마트 시대의 도래
• Ⅳ. 유럽 문화와의 교류
• Ⅴ. 압둘하미드 2세의 ‘이슬람적’ 근대화 정책
• Ⅵ. 나가며
• Abstract

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