국제이주와 발전의 연계 담론에서 ‘디아스포라’의 역할에 대한 비판적 검토

국문 초록 (Abstract)

전례 없는 수준의 활발한 국제인구이동이 발생하고 있는 시대적 현상과 맞물려 디아스포라의 개념은 초국가주의의 개념과 중첩되고 확장되어 오늘날 국제이주와 발전의 담론에서 중요하게 거론되고 있다. 이주와 발전에 있어 디아스포라의 잠재적 역할은 ‘이주와 발전에 관한 국제포럼(GFMD)’에서 매년 빠짐없이 논의되는 주제이다. 본국의 발전에 있어 디아스포라의 영향력은 주로 송금, 두뇌 유입 혹은 순환, 초국적 네트워크를 중심으로 설명된다.
이 글은 국제이주와 발전의 연계성 담론에서 부각되고 있는 디아스포라의 개념과 그 역할에 대해 탐색하고, 인도와 아프리카 지역 출신 디아스포라의 지식교류를 통한 두뇌순환 및 공동발전프로젝트(MIDA)와 멕시칸 디아스포라의 향우회(HTAs) 결성을 통한 초국적 네트워크 및 활동 사례를 통해 ‘디아스포라에 의한 발전’이 어떠한 방식으로 구체화되고 있는지 비판적으로 검토해본다. 이 글은 ‘디아스포라에 의한 발전’을 실행하기 위해서는 우선 고국의 발전이라는 공동의 가치와 동기를 통해 디아스포라가 형성되어야 하고, 디아스포라의 활동 및 고국과의 유대를 지속가능하게 하는 송출국과 수용국 내 사회적, 구조적 환경이 우선적으로 마련되어야 함을 강조한다. 아울러 송출국과 수용국은 개인 혹은 공동체와 시장으로 ‘발전’의 실천적 책임을 전가하는 경제중심적 관점을 넘어서서 진정한 ‘공동발전’의 개념을 정립하여 디아스포라가 고국의 경제발전뿐 아니라 정치사회적 변화에 긍정적인 역할과 기여를 극대화할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야함을 주장한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the unprecedentedly vigorous international movement of population in the present epoch, the term, diaspora, has received prominent attention in the discourse of international migration and development. The potential role of diasporas in development is one of the key issues discussed at the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) every year. The contribution of diasporas to the home country’s development is explained mainly by remittances, brain gain/circulation and transnational networks.
This paper explores the contemporary concepts and roles of diasporas emerged in the migration-development nexus. It discusses the development by diasporas examining the cases of brain circulation, co-development projects (MIDA - Migration for Development in Africa) and the transnational networks of Mexican hometown associations (HTAs). The paper highlights that, in order to fulfill the development by diasporas, a diaspora should be formed based on shared values and interests on the home country’s development, and positive social and structural environments need to be established both countries of origin and destination, thereby facilitating the sustainable link between the diaspora and the home country. In addition, both origin and destination countries should seek for the tangible measures to promote ‘co-development’ that goes beyond the economic-centered perspective which passes the practical responsibility of ‘development’ merely on to individuals, communities or markets, and makes progressive way for diasporas to fully contribute to political and social development as well as economic development in home countries.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약문
• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• Ⅱ. 디아스포라의 현대적 개념과 형성요건
• Ⅲ. 디아스포라와 발전
• Ⅳ. 나가며
• 〈참고문헌〉
• 〈Abstract〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

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