Fluoride uptake on the tooth enamel according to application method

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: This study was conducted to grope the clinical use of a fluoride application method to prevent dental caries.

Materials and method: 30 for healthy molar teeth and randomly divided into two groups on either side of each tooth to form window size as 3 × 3 mm. The first experiment of left in the window was iontophoresis with 2% NaF for 4 minutes for 16 times, right in the window was fluoride varnish directly after iontophoresis method for 4 times. Fluoride concentrations on the enamel surface were checked by EDS method and compared them in each group. The second experiment was done in order to compare the fluoride uptake on the tooth surface between the fluoride varnish method for 4 times and fluoride varnish directly after iontophoresis method for 4 times, with the same procedure. PIGE was used for checking the fluoride uptake on the tooth surface to prove the results certain, with surface samples in 2 teeth. The relative amounts of the fluoride concentration by depth of the enamel were measured by EPMA with 4 sample surface of the others 2 molar teeth, in the same experiment conditions as above.

Results: The result of EDS which measures fluoride concentration of enamel that shows up in experiment 1, compared with "iontophoresis only", "iontophoresis and varnish" shows a higher fluoride concentration(p<0.05). In experiment 2, compared with "varnish only", "iontophoresis and varnish" has a higher fluoride concentration(p<0.01). PIGE analyzes the fluoride concentration of the enamel surface. It was discovered that compared to "iontophoresis only" and "varnish only", "iontophoresis and varnish" shows a higher fluoride concentration. EPMA analyzes the fluoride concentration of the enamel surface for different depths. Experiment 1 shows that at the outermost, "iontophoresis and varnish" has fluoride concentration, however, when going deeper, the fluoride concentration of "iontophoresis only" becomes higher. In experiment 2, "varnish only" and "iontophoresis and varnish" have similar levels. However, as long as it goes deeper, the fluoride concentration of "iontophoresis and varnish" becomes higher but that value of "varnish only" can hardly be observed.

Conclusion: When using fluoride topical application on the enamel surface, it was highly recommended that
fluoride varnish be used directly after fluoride iontphoresis rather than fluoride iontphoresis only or fluoride varnish by itself. The new method is more effective and does not need repeated application.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction 2
• 2. Materials and methods 2
• 2.1. Materials 2
• 2.2. Methods 3
• 2.2.1. Prepare the objective teeth 3
• (1) Enamel prophylaxis 3
• (2) Nail varnish application 3
• (3) Sample classification 3
• 2.2.2. Test method of research object 3
• (1) Experiment 1 " iontophoresis only " 3
• (2) Experiment 1 " iontophoresis and varnish " 3
• (3) Experiment 2 "varnish only" 3
• (4) Experiment 2 "iontophoresis and varnish" 3
• 2.2.3 Measurement of fluorine content 3
• (1) EDS Analysis 3
• (2) PIGE Observation 4
• (3) EPMA Observation 4
• 2.2.4 Statistical managem5. Conclusionent 4
• 3. Results 4
• 3.1. Measured results on fluoride concentration of enamel surface in EDS 4
• 3.1.1. Experiment 1; Comparison of the fluoride uptake between fluoride iontophoresis only and varnish with iontophoresis method. 4
• 3.1.2. Experiment 2; Comparison of the fluoride uptake between fluoride varnish only and varnish with iontophoresis method. 4
• 3.2. Fluoride concentration observed with PIGE 4
• 3.3 Fluoride concentration observed with EPMA 4
• 4. Discussion 6
• 5. Conclusion 8