Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma spp. in sheep and goats from six provinces of China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Members of the genus Anaplasma are important emerging tick-borne pathogens in both humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas.
Here, we investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in 621 sheep and 710 goats from six provinces of China. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and DNA sequencing were conducted to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. bovis targetingthe 16S ribosomal RNA or the major surface protein 4 gene. PCR revealed Anaplasma in 39.0% (240/621) of sheep and 45.5% (323/710)of goats. The most frequently detected species was A. ovis (88/621, 14.2% for sheep; 129/710, 18.2% for goats), followed by A. bovis (60/621,9.7% for sheep; 74/710, 10.4% for goats) and A. phagocytophilum (33/621, 5.3% for sheep; 15/710, 2.1% for goats). Additionally, eight sheepand 20 goats were found to be infected with three pathogens simultaneously. DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of these three Anaplasmaspecies in the investigated areas, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that there was geographic segregation to a certain extent, as well as arelationship between the host and cluster of A. ovis. The results of the present study provide valuable data that helps understand theepidemiology of anaplasmosis in ruminants from China.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Lommano E, "Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from breeding and migratory birds in Switzerland" 5 : 871-882, 2014

2 Saitou N, "The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees" 4 : 406-425, 1987

3 de la Fuente J, "Sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of Anaplasma ovis strains" 119 : 375-381, 2007

4 Dumler JS, "Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and ‘HGE agent’ as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila" 51 : 2145-2165, 2001

5 Stuen S, "Possible exclusion of genotypes in Anaplasma phagocytophiluminfected lambs" 156 : 518-520, 2005

6 Zhou Z, "Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Anaplasma in southwestern China based on 16S rRNA sequence" 89 : 262-265, 2010

7 Kawahara M, "Novel genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in Japan" 72 : 1102-1109, 2006

8 Barlough JE, "Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ehrlichia equi genomic DNA in horses and ticks (Ixodes pacificus)" 63 : 319-329, 1996

9 Sreekumar C, "Morphology and staining characteristics of Ehrlichia bovis" 19 : 79-83, 1996

10 Liu Z, "Molecular survey and genetic identification of Anaplasma species in goats from central and southern China" 78 : 464-470, 2012

11 Yang J, "Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma spp. in sheep and cattle from Xinjiang, northwest China" 8 : 108-, 2015

12 Kumar S, "MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software for microcomputers" 10 : 189-191, 1994

13 Rymaszewska A, "Genotyping of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from Poland for selected genes" 62 : 37-48, 2014

14 Şevik M, "Genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus, Turkey, 2009-2013" 101 : 187-195, 2015

15 Zhang Y, "First molecular evidence for the presence of Anaplasma DNA in milk from sheep and goats in China" 115 : 2789-2795, 2016

16 Sainz A, "Ehrlichia platys infection and disease in dogs in Spain" 11 : 382-384, 1999

17 Wareth G, "Detection of Brucella abortus DNA in aborted goats and sheep in Egypt by real-time PCR" 8 : 212-, 2015

18 Ooshiro M, "Detection of Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum from cattle on Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan" 154 : 360-364, 2008

19 Hassan MA, "Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran" 39 : 190-193, 2015

20 Singh G, "Anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze against Haemonchus contortus of sheep and goats" 39 : 200-205, 2015

21 Rar V, "Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and "Candidatus Neoehrlichia" bacteria: pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review" 11 : 1842-1861, 2011

22 Stuen S, "Anaplasma phagocytophilum—a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies" 3 : 31-, 2013

23 Zhan L, "Anaplasma phagocytophilum in livestock and small rodents" 144 : 405-408, 2010

24 Zhan L, "Anaplasma phagocytophilum from Rodents and Sheep, China" 16 : 764-768, 2010

25 Zhan L, "Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in rabbits from southeastern China" 162 : 354-356, 2009