1990년대 이후 한국영화에 나타난 ‘지연된 애도’ -<태극기 휘날리며>를 중심으로- = ‘Delayed Mourning' in the post-1990s Korean Cinema -With Detailed Analysis of Taegukgi-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines some issues surrounding the 'cinema of mourning' in Korean popular cinema. From the 1990s onward Korean cinema produced a host of peculiar historical films, which deal with ordinary people's suffering and victimization in the near past. Those films, which I call 'the cinema of mourning', have often been received with a great enthusiasm by Korean audiences, exemplified by such films as Seopyonje, Taegukgi, and May 18.
The cinema of mourning has some distinctive elements. In terms of textual construction, it often adopts a narrative structure of recollection employing flashbacks; the protagonists are ordinary and disenfranchised people entrapped in the nation's historical turmoil; and it depicts their suffering and victimization as grievable loss. Contextually, it came out only after the decline of the military authoritarian regime in the late 1980s.
Based on Freud's concept of Trauerarbeit, I argue that the cinema of mourning is a delayed mourning of Korean people's tribulation which has not been represented properly, much less mourned, owing to the authoritarian regime's foreclosure and suppression. To illustrate this point, a representative film <Taegukgi> is analyzed in detail. The film covering the Korean War in full scale foregrounds both South- and North Korean soldiers' and innocent people's sufferings and futile deaths, which makes a sharp contrast to the 'anticommunist films' made until the 1980s, films that greatly emphasize the inhumaneness of North Korean communists. Employing this de-ideologizing strategy, it belatedly but successfully mourns the people's loss which was so far repressed and concealed by ideological maneuvering under the authoritarian regime.
The cinema of mourning has far-reaching social, cultural meanings and implications. Of those are the reinterpretation of Korean modern history from the people's standpoint, the encouragement of historical consciousness, the reinforcement of the sense of an imagined community of the nation, and a possibility of an alternative popular cinema differentiated from the dominant Hollywood model.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Eng,David, University of California Press 2003

2 한국일보, "한국인터뷰-‘태극기 휘날리며’로 신화 만드는 강제규 감독"

3 고미숙, "한국의 근대성, 그 기원을 찾아서-민족ㆍ섹슈얼리티ㆍ병리학" 책세상 2001

4 곽한주, "한국영화에서의 근대화 담론-<서편제>와 <축제>를 읽는 한 시각" (2) : 188-200, 1998

5 한국영상자료원, "한국영화사 공부 1960-1979" 이채 2004

6 김선아, "한국영화라는 낯선 경계-코리안 뉴웨이브와 한국형 블록버스터 시대의 국가, 섹슈얼리티, 번역, 영화" 커뮤니케이션북스 2006

7 박명진, "한국 영화의 역사 재현 방식―광주 항쟁 소재 영화를 중심으로―" 국제어문학회 (41) : 217-254, 2007

8 이효인, "충무로의 진보적 영화사단" 274-281, 1991

9 장 라플랑슈, "정신분석사전" 열린책들 2005

10 최정기, "전쟁과 재현:마을 공동체의 고통과 그 대면" 한울아카데미 2008

11 김동춘, "전쟁과 사회:우리에게 한국전쟁은 무엇이었나" 돌베개 2006

12 데이비드 제임스, "임권택, 민족영화 만들기" 한울 2005

13 백문임, "월하의 여곡성: 여귀로 읽는 한국 공포영화사" 책세상 2008

14 테사 모리스-스즈키, "우리 안의 과거: 미디어ㆍ메모리ㆍ히스토리" 휴머니스트 2006

15 문재철, "영화적 기억과 문화적 정체성에 대한 연구:Post-Korean New Wave Cinema를 중심으로" 중앙대 2002

16 황인성, "영화 <꽃잎>과 <화려한 휴가>의 영상재현과 대중의 기억이 구성하는 영화와 역사의 관계에 관한 연구" 한국영화학회 (35) : 43-76, 2008

17 발터 벤야민, "역사의 개념에 대하여/폭력비판을 위하여/초현실주의 외, 발터 벤야민 선집 5" 길 2008

18 배경민, "역사영화의 정치적 무의식 연구:1987년 이후 한국영화를 중심으로" 동국대학교 2008

19 베네딕트 앤더슨, "상상의 공동체" 나남출판 2003

20 허문영, "비평릴레이"

21 한지수, "반공이데올로기와 정치폭력" (가을) : 108-129,

22 김영진, "문화산책: <태극기 휘날리며> 열풍의 뒷면"

23 김소연, "매혹과 혼돈의 시대:50년대의 한국영화" 도서출판 소도 2003

24 변재란, "남한영화에 나타난 북한에 대한 이해" (16) : 241-276,

25 오카 마리, "기억 서사" 소명출판 2004

26 박유희, "‘文藝映畵’의 함의" 한국영화학회 (44) : 117-157, 2010

27 Butler,Judith, "Violence,Mourning,Politics" 4 (4): 9-37, 2003

28 Jameson, Fredric, "The Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism" (Fall) : 65-88, 1986

29 Lowenthal, David, "The Past Is a Foreign Country" Cambridge University Press 1985

30 Boym,Svetlana, "The Future of Nostalgia" Basic Books 2001

31 Gay,Peter, "The Freud Reader" W.W. Norton 1989

32 Jameson, Fredric, "The Cultural Turn" Verso 1998

33 Landsberg,Alison, "Prosthetic Memory:the Ethics and Politics of Memory in an Age of Mass Culture, In Memory and Popular Film" Manchester University Press 144-161, 2003

34 Elsaesser, Thomas, "Postmodernism and Mourning Work" 42 (42): 193-201, 2001

35 Freud,Sigmund, "On Murder, Mourning and Melancholia. tr. Shaun Whiteside" Penguin Books 2005

36 Halbwachs, Maurice, "On Collective Memory. tr. ed. by Lewis A. Coser" University of Chicago Press 1992

37 Irwin-Zarecka,Iwona, "Neutralizing Memory:the Jew in Contemporary Poland" Transaction Publishers 1989

38 Clewell, Tammy, "Mourning Beyond Melancholia: Freud's Psychoanalysis of Loss" 52 (52): 43-67, 2004

39 Kwak, Han Ju, "Mass Culture in the Age of the Public/Private Split: In South Korean Popular Cinema Since 1992" University of Southern California 2005

40 Wollen,Peter, "Godard and Counter-Cinema:Vent d'Est, In Readings & Writings: Semiotic Counter-Strategies" Verso 79-91, 1982

41 권은선, "<실미도>와 <태극기 휘날리며>를 지지할 수 없는 이유" (443) : 2004