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다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to examine ethnic federalism in Ethiopia and ethnic conflicts. More concretely, the present paper explores the historical development of ethnic federalism and the ethnic conflicts under it, after reviewing its bases such as ethnic and religious diversity, linguistic pluralism and administrative autonomy.
Modernization of Ethiopia was begun by Emperor Menelik Ⅱ who expanded its territory to the south in the late 19th century. Both Menelik Ⅱ and Haile Selassie Ⅰ forced other ethnic groups to adopt the dominant culture of the Amhara. The military government, came to power in 1991, did not properly deal with the ethnic right to self-determination and rather made worse the issue by depending on extreme violence. It was in 1991 when the Tigray People’s Liberation Front-led Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front came to power. The new government adopted ethnic federalism to manage linguistic and cultural diversity and to resolve ethnic conflicts. Ethnic federalism in Ethiopia is based on ethnic and religious diversity, linguistic pluralism and administrative autonomy.
Concerned with ethnic federalism under the democratic government, there have been two contrary views. Some scholars argue that ethnic federalism has been comparatively successful because unlike the past days, large scale civil wars or ethnic movements are little found nowadays. However, others contend that ethnic federalism has not been worked because ethnic conflicts or struggles are still happening frequently.
The reasons why ethnic conflicts have continuously occurred under ethnic federalism can be explained by the following five factors. First, ethnic-based federalism instigates competition among ethnic groups over land (territory), ethnic identity, political power and administrative dominance. Second, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front-led Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front government has an inherent limitation which can bring out inequalities in carrying out diverse state policies related to ethnic groups. Third, even though ethnic federalism recognizes cultural and linguistic rights, the federal government does not take responsibility for the ethnic conflicts at the local level. Fourth, there are the imbalances of power and sources between the federal and regional governments. Finally, there are the diverse imbalances among different regional states as well.

목차 (Table of Contents)

1. 글을 시작하며
2. 에티오피아 종족 연방주의의 토대
3. 에티오피아 종족 연방주의의 전개 양상
4. 에티오피아 종족 연방주의 하의 종족 갈등
5. 글을 마치며

1. 글을 시작하며
2. 에티오피아 종족 연방주의의 토대
3. 에티오피아 종족 연방주의의 전개 양상
4. 에티오피아 종족 연방주의 하의 종족 갈등
5. 글을 마치며
참고문헌
Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "에티오피아 연방 의회 홈페이지"

2 Bulcha, Mekuria., "‘The Politics of Linguistic Homogenization in Ethiopia and the Conflict over the Status of ‘Afaan Oromoo’" 96 (96): 325-352, 1997

3 Gabre-Sellassie, Zewde, "Yohannes Ⅳ of Ethiopia: A Political Biography" Clarendon Press 1975

4 Abebe, Adem Kassie, "Umpiring Federalism in Africa : Institutional Mosaic and Innovations" 13 (13): 53-79, 2013

5 Tewfik, Hashim, "Transition to Federalism: The Ethiopian Experience" Forum of Federations

6 Gashaw, Solomon, "The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State Bay?" University of Wisconsin Press 138-157, 1993

7 Lewis, Herbert S., "The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: Nation-State at Bay?" University of Wisconsin Press 158-178, 1993

8 Bahru, Zewde, "The Quest for Socialist Utopia: The Ethiopian Student Movement, c. 1960-1974" James Currey 2014

9 Lubo, Teferi, "The Post 1991 ‘Inter-Ethnic’ Conflicts in Ethiopia: An Investigation" 4 (4): 62-69, 2012

10 Bulcha, Mekuria, "The Language Policies of Ethiopian Regimes and the History of Written Afaan Oromoo: 1884-1994" 1 (1): 91-115, 1994