1 Taylor RL, "UK Inherited Retinal Disease Consortium and the 100, 000Genomes Project. Association of steroid 5α-reductase type 3congenital disorder of glycosylation with early-onset retinal dystrophy" 135 : 339-347, 2017
2 Traish AM, "The post-finasteride syndrome : clinical manifestation of drug-induced epigenetics due to endocrine disruption" 10 : 88-103, 2018
3 Gupta AK, "The efficacy and safety of 5α-reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia : a network meta-analysis and benefit-risk assessment of finasteride and dutasteride" 25 : 156-161, 2014
4 Pinsky MR, "The effects of chronic 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor(dutasteride)treatment on rat erectile function" 8 : 3066-3074, 2011
5 Adil A, "The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 77 : 136-141, 2017
6 Zhang C, "The effect of the aqueous extract of Bidens pilosa L. on androgen deficiency dry eye in rats" 39 : 266-277, 2016
7 Dallob AL, "The effect of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on scalp skin testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in patients with male pattern baldness" 79 : 703-706, 1994
8 Kang HJ, "The effect of 5α-reductase-2 deficiency on human fertility" 101 : 310-316, 2014
9 Traish AM, "The dark side of testosterone deficiency : II. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance" 30 : 23-32, 2009
10 Kelly DM, "Testosterone suppresses the expression of regulatory enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and protects against hepatic steatosis in cholesterol-fed androgen deficient mice" 109 : 95-103, 2014
11 Morimoto S, "Testosterone effect on insulin content, messenger ribonucleic acid levels, promoter activity, and secretion in the rat" 142 : 1442-1447, 2001
12 Zitzmann M, "Testosterone deficiency, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome" 5 : 673-681, 2009
13 Sullivan DA, "TFOS DEWS II sex, gender, and hormones report" 15 : 284-333, 2017
14 Mendonca BB, "Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency" 163 : 206-211, 2016
15 Corona G, "Sexual dysfunction in subjects treated with inhibitors of 5α-reductase for benign prostatic hyperplasia : a comprehensive review and meta-analysis" 5 : 671-678, 2017
16 Sullivan DA, "Sex, hormones, the lacrimal gland, and aqueous-deficient dry eye" 2 : 92-123, 2004
17 Shen M, "Sex hormones and their receptors regulate liver energy homeostasis" 2015 : 294278-, 2015
18 Mak TCS, "Role of hepatic glucocorticoid receptor in metabolism in models of 5αR1 deficiency in male mice" 160 : 2061-2073, 2019
19 Pitteloud N, "Relationship between testosterone levels, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function in men" 28 : 1636-1642, 2005
20 Morimoto S, "Protective effect of testosterone on early apoptotic damage induced by streptozotocin in rat pancreas" 187 : 217-224, 2005
21 Albaaj F, "Prevalence of hypogonadism in male patients with renal failure" 82 : 693-696, 2006
22 Traish AM, "Post-finasteride syndrome : a surmountable challenge for clinicians" 113 : 21-50, 2020
23 Sakr HF, "Possible mechanisms underlying fatty liver in a rat model of male hypogonadism : a protective role for testosterone" 135 : 21-30, 2018
24 Kiguradze T, "Persistent erectile dysfunction in men exposed to the 5α-reductase inhibitors, finasteride, or dutasteride" 5 : e3020-, 2017
25 Hazlehurst JM, "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders" 169 : R27-R37, 2013
26 Traish AM, "Negative impact of testosterone deficiency and 5α-reductase inhibitors therapy on metabolic and sexual function in men" 1043 : 473-526, 2017
27 Govindarajan B, "Membrane-tethered mucins have multiple functions on the ocular surface" 90 : 655-663, 2010
28 Huhtaniemi I, "Mechanisms in endocrinology : hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis : mutant mice challenging old paradigms" 179 : R143-R150, 2018
29 Bull HG, "Mechanism-based inhibition of human steroid 5α-reductase by finasteride : enzyme-catalyzed formation of NADP-dihydrofinasteride, a potent bisubstrate analog inhibitor" 118 : 2359-2365, 1996
30 Shoskes DA, "Low testosterone at time of transplantation is independently associated with poor patient and graft survival in male renal transplant recipients" 192 : 1168-1171, 2014
31 Dowman JK, "Loss of 5α-reductase type 1 accelerates the development of hepatic steatosis but protects against hepatocellular carcinoma in male mice" 154 : 4536-4547, 2013
32 Zhang MG, "Long-term oral administration of 5α-reductase inhibitor attenuates erectile function by inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in corpus cavernosum of aged rats" 82 : 743-, 2013
33 Abdulmaged Traish, "Long-term dutasteride therapy in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia alters glucose and lipid profiles and increases severity of erectile dysfunction" Walter de Gruyter GmbH 30 (30): 2017
34 Gild P, "Liver disease in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer" 200 : 573-581, 2018
35 Cermak JM, "Is complete androgen insensitivity syndrome associated with alterations in the meibomian gland and ocular surface?" 22 : 516-521, 2003
36 Lin HY, "Insulin and leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia in mice lacking androgen receptor" 54 : 1717-1725, 2005
37 Azzolina B, "Inhibition of rat alpha-reductases by finasteride : evidence for isozyme differences in the mechanism of inhibition" 61 : 55-64, 1997
38 Pitteloud N, "Increasing insulin resistance is associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men" 90 : 2636-2641, 2005
39 Lin HY, "Increased hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice lacking hepatic androgen receptor" 47 : 1924-1935, 2008
40 Oztekin CV, "Incomplete recovery of erectile function in rat after discontinuation of dual 5-alpha reductase inhibitor therapy" 9 : 1773-1781, 2012
41 Wei L, "Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men receiving steroid 5α-reductase inhibitors : population based cohort study" 365 : l1204-, 2019
42 Gacci M, "Impact of medical treatments for male lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia on ejaculatory function : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 11 : 1554-1566, 2014
43 Sullivan BD, "Impact of androgen deficiency on the lipid profiles in human meibomian gland secretions" 506 : 449-458, 2002
44 Xu Q, "Imbalance in sex hormone levels exacerbates diabetic renal disease" 51 : 1218-1224, 2008
45 Sullivan DA, "Hormonal modulation of tear volume in the rat" 42 : 131-139, 1986
46 Völzke H, "Hepatic steatosis is associated with low serum testosterone and high serum DHEAS levels in men" 33 : 45-53, 2010
47 Saint-Aubert B, "Hepatic regeneration in the rat after subtotal(90%)hepatectomy treated with testosterone" 291 : 653-655, 1980
48 Mantelli F, "Functions of ocular surface mucins in health and disease" 8 : 477-483, 2008
49 Miyauchi S, "Free testosterone concentration is inversely associated with markers of liver fibrosis in men with type 2diabetes mellitus" 64 : 1137-1142, 2017
50 Baig MS, "Finasteride-induced inhibition of 5α-reductase type 2 could lead to kidney damage-animal, experimental study" 16 : E1726-, 2019
51 Navarro G, "Extranuclear actions of the androgen receptor enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the male" 23 : 837-851, 2016
52 Li K, "Evaluation of a novel dry eye model induced by oral administration of finasteride" 16 : 8763-8770, 2017
53 Gómez F, "Endocrine abnormalities in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. The role of prolactin" 68 : 522-530, 1980
54 Mantelli F, "Effects of sex hormones on ocular surface epithelia : lessons learned from polycystic ovary syndrome" 231 : 971-975, 2016
55 Li L, "Effects of androgen on ultrastructure of corneal epithelium and function of the tear film in BALB/c mice" 34 : 334-341, 2015
56 Qin L, "Effect of dihydrotestosterone on the expression of mucin 1 and the activity of Wnt signaling in mouse corneal epithelial cells" 9 : 1535-1540, 2016
57 Krenzer KL, "Effect of androgen deficiency on the human meibomian gland and ocular surface" 85 : 4874-4882, 2000
58 Liu L, "Effect of 5α-reductase inhibitors on sexual function : a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials" 13 : 1297-1310, 2016
59 Enatsu N, "Dutasteride-mediated morphological changes in the genitourinary tract associated with altered expression patterns of the androgen and estrogen receptors in male rats" 5 : 347-353, 2017
60 Hazlehurst JM, "Dual-5α-reductase inhibition promotes hepatic lipid accumulation in man" 101 : 103-113, 2016
61 Beauregard C, "Down regulation of interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide production in lacrimal gland acinar cells by sex steroids" 29 : 59-66, 2004
62 Xu Q, "Dose-dependent effects of dihydrotestosterone in the streptozotocininduced diabetic rat kidney" 297 : F307-F315, 2009
63 Sullivan DA, "Does androgen insufficiency cause lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous tear deficiency?" 40 : 1261-1265, 1999
64 Kwack MH, "Dihydrotestosterone-inducible dickkopf 1 from balding dermal papilla cells causes apoptosis in follicular keratinocytes" 128 : 262-269, 2008
65 Lugg JA, "Dihydrotestosterone is the active androgen in the maintenance of nitric oxide-mediated penile erection in the rat" 136 : 1495-1501, 1995
66 Zhang H, "Differential effects of estrogen/androgen on the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the male rat" 54 : 345-357, 2013
67 Keating NL, "Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy : observational study of veterans with prostate cancer" 104 : 1518-1523, 2012
68 Singh S, "Development and evaluation of animal models for sex steroid deficient dry eye" 70 : 29-34, 2014
69 Mantelli F, "Conjunctival mucin deficiency in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome(CAIS)" 245 : 899-902, 2007
70 Sullivan BD, "Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome : effect on human meibomian gland secretions" 120 : 1689-1699, 2002
71 Jacqueson A, "Comparative study of the protective effect of an anabolic steroid. The 19-nortestosterone-phenylpropionate(19 NTPP), on liver steatosis induced by Amanita phalloides and white phosphorus in rats" (1) : 193-196, 1978
72 Ellsworth KP, "Cloning, expression and characterization of rhesus macaque types 1 and 2 5alpha-reductase : evidence for mechanismbased inhibition by finasteride" 66 : 271-279, 1998
73 el-Hage SG, "Changes in central and peripheral corneal thickness with menstrual cycle" 50 : 863-871, 1973
74 Westerbacka J, "Body fat distribution and cortisol metabolism in healthy men : enhanced 5beta-reductase and lower cortisol/cortisone metabolite ratios in men with fatty liver" 88 : 4924-4931, 2003
75 Wilson EM, "Binding properties of androgen receptors. Evidence for identical receptors in rat testis, epididymis, and prostate" 251 : 5620-5629, 1976
76 Argüeso P, "Association of cell surface mucins with galectin-3 contributes to the ocular surface epithelial barrier" 284 : 23037-23045, 2009
77 Urysiak-Czubatka I, "Assessment of the usefulness of dihydrotestosterone in the diagnostics of patients with androgenetic alopecia" 31 : 207-215, 2014
78 Mauvais-Jarvis F, "Androgen-deprivation therapy and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in men" 30 : 389-390, 2016
79 Wang RS, "Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and fertility : lessons from testicular cell-specific androgen receptor knockout mice" 30 : 119-132, 2009
80 Lapi F, "Androgen deprivation therapy and risk of acute kidney injury in patients with prostate cancer" 310 : 289-296, 2013
81 Traish AM, "Androgen deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction : implications for fatigue, muscle dysfunction, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease" 8 : 431-444, 2011
82 Schirra F, "Androgen control of gene expression in the mouse meibomian gland" 46 : 3666-3675, 2005
83 Belknap SM, "Adverse event reporting in clinical trials of finasteride for androgenic alopecia : a meta-analysis" 151 : 600-606, 2015
84 Traish AM, "Adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors : What do we know, don't know, and need to know?" 16 : 177-198, 2015
85 Yialamas MA, "Acute sex steroid withdrawal reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism" 92 : 4254-4259, 2007
86 Morava E, "A novel cerebello-ocular syndrome with abnormal glycosylation due to abnormalities in dolichol metabolism" 133 : 3210-3220, 2010
87 Kim S, "A low level of serum total testosterone is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" 12 : 69-, 2012
88 Traish AM, "5α-reductases in human physiology : an unfolding story" 18 : 965-975, 2012
89 Nasiri M, "5α-reductase type 2 regulates glucocorticoid action and metabolic phenotype in human hepatocytes" 156 : 2863-2871, 2015
90 Upreti R, "5α-reductase type 1 modulates insulin sensitivity in men" 99 : E1397-E1406, 2014
91 Livingstone DE, "5α-Reductase type 1 deficiency or inhibition predisposes to insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis in rodents" 64 : 447-458, 2015
92 Traish AM, "5α-Reductase inhibitors alter steroid metabolism and may contribute to insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and vascular disease : a medical hypothesis" 20 : 73-80, 2014
93 Lee SS, "5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and the risk of diabetes mellitus : a nationwide population-based study" 76 : 41-47, 2016
94 Tian G, "17 beta-(N-tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-aza-5 alphaandrostan-1-en-3-one is an active site-directed slow timedependent inhibitor of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1" 33 : 2291-2296, 1994