성악교수법의 시대적 변화 고찰 = Historical Overview of Vocal pedagogy

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대의 성악 교수법(Vocal Pedagogy)은 과학적 성격을 가지고 발전하고 있는데 성악 교수업의 기원은 15세기에 F. Gaffurius가 발성에 대해 남긴 단순한 서술문에서 시작되었다고 할수 있다.
성악 교수법의 초기적 형태는 발성된 목소리에 대한 미학적 관점에서의 평가에 불과하였으나 17,18세기, 오페라의 탄생 및 발전을 계기로 전문적인 성악가를 위한 발성기술을 지도하는 교육적 분야로 발전하기 시작하였다. 17,18세기에는 전통적인 이탈리아 발성스타일인 벨칸토(Bel Canto)발성과 카스트라토를 위한 발성법에 대한 연구가 중심이 되었으나 19세기에 들어서면서 낭만주의 음악의 대두와 함께 이탈리아의 전통적 발성에서 일탈하는 음직임이 증가하였으며 특히 독일의 성악 교수업의 발전이 두드러졌다. 또한 19세기는 마누엘 가르시아의 후두경의 발명을 계기로 성악 교수법에 과학적인 연구가 포함되기 시작한 시기이기도 한데 이러한 많은 변화에도 불구하고 오페라를 위한 성악지도는 전토적인 이탈리아 발성법이 고수되었다. 20세기의 성악 교수법적 연구들의 발전이 성숙됨과 동시에 발성과 관계된 과학적 접근의 연구가 활성화되고 강화되었따. 이러한 과학적 성격을 가진 성악 교수업의 연구는 21세기 현재라는 성악 교수업이 발전할 수 있는 기반이 되어 성악적 문제점을 분석하고 적절한 해결방안을 제시하는 역할을 성악 교사들에게 보다 쉰뢰할수 있는 정보를 제공하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The history of vocal pedagogy may be traced over a period of centuries. The earliest writings about singing date from the 15th century. Writings and treatises written before the 19th century restrict themselves largely to the matters of singing style. To the 16th century and the 17th century writers, codification of performance rules was the primary concern. Even in the 18th century, technical aspects of the singing voice were concerned only partly. However, in this century the Italianate School developed, and subsequently diverse school of pedagogy emerged. In the 19th century, the development of profound changes in singing occurred. Increasing Germanic influence in singing made an indelible impression on the vocal scene. Scientific discoveries during the 19th century gave an impetus to vocal research, especially in anatomy, physiology, and acoustics. Despite the growing Germanic influence, the leading model of 19th century vocal pedagogy remained based mostly on Italian tonal preferences and ideals.
A variety of influences have determined the progress of vocal pedagogy and the techniques of singing and teaching utilized most widely today. Here I trace the history of vocal pedagogy to discover origins of contemporary teaching approaches, and comparetraditional, international, national, and idiosyncratic pedagogies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서문
• Ⅱ. 17세기 이전의 성악 교수법
• Ⅲ. 17․18세기의 성악 교수법
• Ⅳ. 19세기의 성악 교수법
• Ⅴ. 20세기와 현대 성악 교수법
• Ⅵ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 국문초록
• ABSTRACT

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