現代國語의 語末語尾에 대한 構造的 硏究 : 非終結語尾의 것을 중심으로 = A Structural Study of Non-conclusive Endings in Modern Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. The are many sentence-final endings in modern Korean. They are divided into conclusive endings and non-conclusive endings depending on whether they conclude a sentence or not. It may be said that the important point of non-conclusive endings is the lack of sentence types and speech levels. The purpose of this paper is to analyze non-conclusive endings, and investigate their syntagmatic relationship to adjacent forms. From the functional viewpoint, non-conclusive endings can be classified into conjunctive(連結語尾) and derivatives(轉成語尾). The former shows primary function; the latter shows non-primary function. Furthermore, conjunctives can be subdivided into coordinatives and subordinatives according to their function. Coordinatives and subordinatives can be subdivided into word-conjunctives and sentence-conjunctives, respectively.
2. It may be said that non-conclusive endings which were listed in the traditional grammars and dictionaries can not be analyzed further. However, among them there are complex forms which consist of mood and aspect morphemes, and final endings.(e.g. u˘myo˘nso˘: myo˘+nso˘; chamaja: cha+maja)
The problems I faced in analyzing non-conclusive endings were as follows:
(1) I did not identify the items beginning with ko˘(ko˘nu˘l, ko˘ni, ko˘ndae, ko˘du˘n, etc.) as complex forms. When we take the above mentioned items as complex forms, the remaining elements nu˘l, ni, ndae, tu˘n etc. can not be combined with other norphemes; moreover they cannot be attached directly to the verbal stems. At the same time, we cannot give any meaning to the morpheme ko˘ which probably cannot be further analyzed.
(2) I identified the items o˘followed by so˘and taga as morphemes. In dictionaries so˘and taga are listed as emphatic particles. Since the addition of taga, so˘to o˘is not obligatory, o˘so˘, o˘taga can be regarded as unanalyzable morphemes.
(3) The complex forms which consist of ki and case marker e or lo, o˘and delimiter to can be also regarded as unanalyzable morphemes. The deletion of the case markers and a delimiter makes sentences ungrammatical. If the deletion of delimiters does not exert an influence on the grammaticalness, the delimiters can be separated from preceding elements, e.g. nu˘ndedo, u˘myo˘nso˘do o˘yaman etc.
3. Non-conclusive endings do not combine with all the adjacent forms.
First, tense morphemes precede non-conclusive endings. However, there is many restrictions in actual combinations. We can classify non-conclusive endings into three groups according to the combination with tense morphemes: some cannot be combined with any tense element; some cannot be combined with o˘ss; Some can be combined with o˘ss and kess.
There are differences between coordinatives and subordinatives in conbination with tense morphemes. For example, u˘myo˘nso˘as a coordinative can not be combined with o˘ss. However, u˘myo˘nso˘as a subordinative can be combined with o˘ss.
Secondly, case markers and delimiters follow non-conclusive endings. There are also many restrictions in this case.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 形態素의 確認
• 2. 1. 對等的 連結語尾
• 2. 2. 從屬的 連結語尾
• 2. 3. 轉成語尾
• Ⅲ. 隣接形式과의 統合關係
• 3. 1. 先行統合關係
• 3. 2. 後行統合關係
• Ⅳ. 結 論 -展 望-