All-Organic Sodium Hybrid Capacitor: A New, High-Energy, High-Power Energy Storage System Bridging Batteries and Capacitors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P>The development of hybrid capacitors (HCs) has become essential for meeting the rising demand for devices that simultaneously deliver high energy with high power. Although the challenge to develop high-performance HCs remains great, it is also simultaneously essential to develop an eco-friendly and cleaner energy storage system for sustainable future use. To date, hybrid capacitors utilize heavily toxic inorganic insertion electrodes and hazardous coke-derived porous carbon adsorption electrodes to host ions. Herein, we present a conceptually novel all-organic sodium hybrid capacitor (OHC), rationally designed by replacing the conventional electrodes with clean, green, and metal free organic molecules, to host ions. A high energy density of similar to 95 Wh kg(-1) and an ultrahigh power density of 7 kW kg(-1) (based on active mass in both electrodes) are achieved with a low energy loss of similar to 0.22% per 100 cycles (similar to 89% retention after 5000 cycles), outperforming conventional HCs. The outstanding energy-power behavior of OHC bridges the performance gap between batteries and capacitors. This research holds great promise for the development of next-generation eco-friendly, clean, green, and safer high-energy, high-power devices.</P>