Domestic Challenges to Middle-Powerdom: Lessons from Indonesia = Domestic Challenges to Middle-Powerdom: Lessons from Indonesia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper critically assesses the internal challenges facing middle powers in world politics. Specifically, by using the case of Indonesia, it seeks to highlight how domestic politics and democracy, internal security threats, and lack of governmental support for the armed forces could hamper any middle power efforts to play a large role in regional and global affairs. This paper concludes that instead of becoming a strategic asset, Indonesia`s "size" that most other countries use to classify it as a "middle power" actually contributed to the country`s persistent strategic weakness.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Dosch, Jorn, "The Changing Dynamics of Southeast Asian Politics" Lynne Rienner 2007

2 Ungerer, Carl, "The 'Middle Power' Concept in Australian Foreign Policy" 53 (53): 539-, 2007

3 Kahin, Audrey, "Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia" University of Washington Press 1997

4 Ministry of Defense, "Minimum Essential Force" Ministry of Defense 2010

5 Santosa, Teguh, "Komisi 1: Senjata‐Satelit‐Diplomasi" Suara Harapan Bangsa 2009

6 He, Kai, "Indonesia’s foreign policy after Soeharto: international pressure, democratization, and policy change" 8 : 47-72, 2008

7 Leifer, Michael, "Indonesia’s Foreign Policy" The Royal Institute for International Affairs 1983

8 Weinstein, Franklin, "Indonesian Foreign Policy and the Dilemma of Dependence: From Sukarno to Suharto" Cornell University Press 1976

9 Mortimer, Rex, "Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics 1959 – 1965" Cornell University Press 1976

10 Widjajanto, Andi, "Hubungan Intelijen – Negara 1945 – 2004" Center for Global Civil Society Studies, University of Indonesia 2008

11 Putnam, Robert, "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two‐Level Games" 42 (42): 427-460, 1988

12 Vermonte, Philips J., "Demokratisasi dan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia: Membangun Citra Diri. in: Mencari Desain Baru Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia" Centre for Strategic and International Studies 37-39, 2005

13 Rüland, Jürgen, "Deepening ASEAN cooperation through democratization? The Indonesian legislature and foreign policymaking" 9 (9): 373-402, 2009

14 Ravenhill, John, "Cycles of Middle Power Activism: Constraint and Choice in Australian and Canadian Foreign Policy" 52 (52): 309-327, 1998

15 Roberts, Christopher, "ASEAN’s Myanmar Crisis: Challenges to the Pursuit of a Security Community" Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 2010

16 Laksmana, Evan A., "'Indonesia’s pivotal role in the U.S. grand strategy,' The Jakarta Post, 6 October 2009"

17 Soesastro, Hadi, "'Indonesia', in Does Fairness Matter?" The Brookings Institution 18-19, 2010