Self-Expandable Metallic Stent Placement for the Palliation of Esophageal Cancer

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Esophageal stents have been used to palliate patients with dysphagia caused by esophageal cancer. Early rigid plastic prostheses have been associated with a high risk of complications. However, with the development of self-expanding stents, it has developed into a widely accepted method for treating malignant esophageal strictures and esophagorespiratory fistulas (ERFs). The present review covers various aspects of self-expanding metallic stent placement for palliating esophageal cancer, including its types, placement procedures, indications, contraindications, complications, and some of innovations that will become available in the future.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Maruthachalam K, "Tumour cell dissemination following endoscopic stent insertion" 94 : 1151-1154, 2007

2 Zhong J, "Treatment of medium and late stage esophageal carcinoma with combined endoscopic metal stenting and radiotherapy" 116 : 24-28, 2003

3 Saxon RR, "Treatment of malignant esophagorespiratory fistulas with silicone-covered metallic Z stents" 6 : 237-242, 1995

4 Jung GE, "Tracheoesophageal fistula following implantation of a biodegradable stent for a refractory benign esophageal stricture" 42 (42): E338-E339, 2010

5 Schowengerdt CG, "Tracheoesophageal fistula caused by a self-expanding esophageal stent" 67 : 830-831, 1999

6 Sarper A, "The efficacy of self-expanding metal stents for palliation of malignant esophageal strictures and fistulas" 23 : 794-798, 2003

7 Park JH, "Temporary stent placement with concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with unresectable oesophageal carcinoma: is there an optimal time for stent removal?" 23 : 1940-1945, 2013

8 Langer FB, "Temporary placement of self-expanding oesophageal stents as bridging for neo-adjuvant therapy" 17 : 470-475, 2010

9 Welsch J, "Survival and symptom relief after palliative radiotherapy for esophageal cancer" 7 : 125-130, 2016

10 Katsanos K, "Stenting of the upper gastrointestinal tract : current status" 33 : 690-705, 2010

11 Vleggaar FP, "Stent placement in esophageal cancer as a bridge to surgery" 70 : 620-622, 2009

12 Bergquist H, "Stent insertion or endoluminal brachytherapy as palliation of patients with advanced cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial" 18 : 131-139, 2005

13 Homs MY, "Single-dose brachytherapy versus metal stent placement for the palliation of dysphagia from oesophageal cancer : multicentre randomised trial" 364 : 1497-1504, 2004

14 Zori AG, "Simultaneous dual scope endotherapy of esophago-airway fistulas and obstructions" 27 : 428-434, 2014

15 Nishimura Y, "Severe complications in advanced esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy after intubation of esophageal stents : a questionnaire survey of the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases" 56 : 1327-1332, 2003

16 Siersema PD, "Self-expanding metal stents for complicated and recurrent esophagogastric cancer" 54 : 579-586, 2001

17 Dua KS, "Self-expanding metal esophageal stent with anti-reflux mechanism" 53 : 603-613, 2001

18 Domschke W, "Self-expanding mesh stent for esophageal cancer stenosis" 22 : 134-136, 1990

19 Mariette C, "Self-expanding covered metallic stent as a bridge to surgery in esophageal cancer : impact on oncologic outcomes" 220 : 287-296, 2015

20 Guo JH, "Self-expandable stent loaded with 125I seeds : feasibility and safety in a rabbit model" 61 : 356-361, 2007

21 Guo JH, "Self-expandable esophageal stent loaded with 125I seeds : initial experience in patients with advanced esophageal cancer" 247 : 574-581, 2008

22 Nagaraja V, "Safety and efficacy of esophageal stents preceding or during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 5 : 119-126, 2014

23 Fuchs KH, "Randomized comparison of endoscopic palliation of malignant esophageal stenoses" 5 : 63-67, 1991

24 Sabharwal T, "Randomised comparison of the FerX Ella antireflux stent and the ultraflex stent : proton pump inhibitor combination for prevention of post-stent reflux in patients with esophageal carcinoma involving the esophago-gastric junction" 23 : 723-728, 2008

25 Kozarek RA, "Prospective multicenter trial of esophageal Z-stent placement for malignant dysphagia and tracheoesophageal fistula" 44 : 562-567, 1996

26 Lecleire S, "Prior chemoradiotherapy is associated with a higher life-threatening complication rate after palliative insertion of metal stents in patients with oesophageal cancer" 23 : 1693-1702, 2006

27 Park JH, "Preliminary results of temporary placement of retrievable expandable metallic stents during preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable esophageal cancer" 26 : 883-888, 2015

28 Sharma P, "Practice Parameters Committee of American College of Gastroenterology. Role of esophageal stents in benign and malignant diseases" 105 : 258-273, 2010

29 Conigliaro R, "Polyflex stents for malignant oesophageal and oesophagogastric stricture: a prospective, multicentric study" 19 : 195-203, 2007

30 Seven G, "Partially versus fully covered self-expanding metal stents for benign and malignant esophageal conditions : a single center experience" 27 : 2185-2192, 2013

31 May A, "Palliative treatment of malignant esophagorespiratory fistulas with Gianturco-Z stents. A prospective clinical trial and review of the literature on covered metal stents" 93 : 532-535, 1998

32 Javed A, "Palliative stenting with or without radiotherapy for inoperable esophageal carcinoma : a randomized trial" 43 : 63-69, 2012

33 Murthy S, "Palliation of malignant aerodigestive fistulae with self-expanding metallic stents" 20 : 386-389, 2007

34 Adam A, "Palliation of inoperable esophageal carcinoma : a prospective randomized trial of laser therapy and stent placement" 202 : 344-348, 1997

35 Kim SY, "Paclitaxel-eluting nanofiber-covered self-expanding nonvascular stent for palliative chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer and its related stenosis" 16 : 897-904, 2014

36 Walsh TN, "Oesophageal cancer: who needs neoadjuvant therapy?" 12 : 615-616, 2011

37 Saito Y, "Novel biodegradable stents for benign esophageal strictures following endoscopic submucosal dissection" 53 : 330-333, 2008

38 Verschuur EM, "New design esophageal stents for the palliation of dysphagia from esophageal or gastric cardia cancer : a randomized trial" 103 : 304-312, 2008

39 Shim CS, "Management of malignant stricture of the esophagogastric junction with a newly designed self-expanding metal stent with an antireflux mechanism" 37 : 335-339, 2005

40 Morgan RA, "Malignant esophageal fistulas and perforations : management with plastic-covered metallic endoprostheses" 204 : 527-532, 1997

41 Carter R, "Laser recanalization versus endoscopic intubation in the palliation of malignant dysphagia : a randomized prospective study" 79 : 1167-1170, 1992

42 Alderson D, "Laser recanalization versus endoscopic intubation in the palliation of malignant dysphagia" 77 : 1151-1153, 1990

43 신지훈, "Interventional Management of Esophagorespiratory Fistula" 대한영상의학회 11 (11): 133-140, 2010

44 Hirdes MM, "In vitro evaluation of the radial and axial force of self-expanding esophageal stents" 45 : 997-1005, 2013

45 Na HK, "How to design the optimal self-expandable oesophageal metallic stents : 22 years of experience in 645 patients with malignant strictures" 23 : 786-796, 2013

46 Sihvo EI, "Fate of patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction : a population-based analysis" 99 : 419-424, 2004

47 Ross WA, "Evolving role of self-expanding metal stents in the treatment of malignant dysphagia and fistulas" 65 : 70-76, 2007

48 Balazs A, "Esophagorespiratory fistulas of tumorous origin. Non-operative management of 264 cases in a 20-year period" 34 : 1103-1107, 2008

49 Shin JH, "Esophagorespiratory fistula : long-term results of palliative treatment with covered expandable metallic stents in 61 patients" 232 : 252-259, 2004

50 Van Heel NC, "Esophageal stents for the palliation of malignant dysphagia and fistula recurrence after esophagectomy" 72 : 249-254, 2010

51 Verschuur EM, "Esophageal stents for malignant strictures close to the upper esophageal sphincter" 66 : 1082-1090, 2007

52 Spaander MC, "Esophageal stenting for benign and malignant disease : European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ESGE)Clinical Guideline" 48 : 939-948, 2016

53 Varadarajulu S, "Enteral stents" 74 : 455-464, 2011

54 Toussaint E, "Enteral access in adults" 34 : 350-358, 2015

55 Laasch HU, "Effectiveness of open versus antireflux stents for palliation of distal esophageal carcinoma and prevention of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux" 225 : 359-365, 2002

56 Verschuur EM, "Effect of stent size on complications and recurrent dysphagia in patients with esophageal or gastric cardia cancer" 65 : 592-601, 2007

57 Löser C, "ESPEN guidelines on artificial enteral nutrition--percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)" 24 : 848-861, 2005

58 Hussain Z, "Double-layered covered stent for the treatment of malignant oesophageal obstructions : systematic review and meta-analysis" 22 : 7841-7850, 2016

59 Yakami M, "Development of severe complications caused by stent placement followed by definitive radiation therapy for T4 esophageal cancer" 8 : 395-398, 2003

60 Wang MQ, "Delayed complications after esophageal stent placement for treatment of malignant esophageal obstructions and esophagorespiratory fistulas" 12 : 465-474, 2001

61 Zhu HD, "Conventional stents versus stents loaded with (125)iodine seeds for the treatment of unresectable oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial" 15 : 612-619, 2014

62 Nagahama T, "Complication after self expandable metallic stent for esophageal cancer" 30 : 1750-1753, 2003

63 Shin JH, "Comparison of temporary and permanent stent placement with concurrent radiation therapy in patients with esophageal carcinoma" 16 : 67-74, 2005

64 Low DE, "Comparison of conventional and wire mesh expandable prostheses and surgical bypass in patients with malignant esophagorespiratory fistulas" 65 : 919-923, 1998

65 Aoki T, "Comparative study of self-expandable metallic stent and bypass surgery for inoperable esophageal cancer" 14 : 208-211, 2001

66 Chen YH, "Comparative study of esophageal stent and feeding gastrostomy/jejunostomy for tracheoesophageal fistula caused by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma" 7 : e42766-, 2012

67 Hu Y, "Comparative study of different treatments for malignant tracheoesophageal/bronchoesophageal fistulae" 22 : 526-531, 2009

68 Herth FJ, "Combined airway and oesophageal stenting in malignant airway-oesophageal fistulas : a prospective study" 36 : 1370-1374, 2010

69 Hill JL, "Clinical technique and success of the esophageal stent to prevent corrosive strictures" 11 : 443-450, 1976

70 Ferlay J, "Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe : estimates for 40 countries in 2012" 49 : 1374-1403, 2013

71 Coron E, "Antireflux versus conventional self-expanding metallic stents(SEMS)for distal esophageal cancer : results of a multicenter randomized trial" 4 : 730-736, 2016

72 Blomberg J, "Antireflux stent versus conventional stent in the palliation of distal esophageal cancer. A randomized, multicenter clinical trial" 45 : 208-216, 2010

73 Moon S, "An acetylated polysaccharide-PTFE membrane-covered stent for the delivery of gemcitabine for treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and related stenosis" 32 : 3603-3610, 2011

74 Dallal HJ, "A randomized trial of thermal ablative therapy versus expandable metal stents in the palliative treatment of patients with esophageal carcinoma" 54 : 549-557, 2001

75 Conio M, "A randomized prospective comparison of self-expandable plastic stents and partially covered self-expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal dysphagia" 102 : 2667-2677, 2007

76 Uitdehaag MJ, "A new fully covered stent with antimigration properties for the palliation of malignant dysphagia : a prospective cohort study" 71 : 600-605, 2010

77 Walter D, "A new fully covered metal stent with anti-migration features for the treatment of malignant dysphagia" 46 : 1101-1105, 2014

78 Verschuur EM, "A new esophageal stent design(Niti-S stent)for the prevention of migration : a prospective study in 42 patients" 63 : 134-140, 2006

79 Uitdehaag MJ, "A fully-covered stent(Alimaxx-E)for the palliation of malignant dysphagia : a prospective follow-up study" 70 : 1082-1089, 2009

80 Hindy P, "A comprehensive review of esophageal stents" 8 : 526-534, 2012

81 Kjaer DW, "A bridging stent to surgery in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer has a dramatic negative impact on patient survival : a retrospective cohort study through data acquired from a prospectively maintained national database" 30 : 1-7, 2017

82 Lei L, "5-Fluorouracil-loaded multilayered films for drug controlled releasing stent application: Drug release, microstructure, and ex vivo permeation behaviors" 146 : 45-53, 2010