마곡사(麻谷寺) 오층석탑(五層石塔)의 양식(樣式)과 건립시기(建立時期) 연구(硏究) -라마양식 석탑구분에 대한 문제제기를 중심으로- = A Study on Basic qualities and Build time of Five-Story Stone Stupa in Magok-sa Temple

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Korea dynasty stone stupa can be defined as the important feature of reactional tendency in form on the basis of fixed type in Shilla which was realized by provincial sense of beauty. As the royal family-oriented aristocratic Buddhism became more popular and the local forces took leadership, stone stupa was spread all over the nation and appeared different form what they used to be and had building purpose. At the same time Dosun`s(道詵) With emphasis on the Complementary Buddhist Pagoda(裨補寺塔之說) especially suggested the ideological indicator of the running of the country, it became the direct background of broad scale temple and stupa building as a means of strengthening royal authority. The appearance of stone stupa form due to oriented-Goguryeo style(高句麗系) and Baekjae style(百濟系) which represented the local sense of beauty came from the raising of local forces which aimed the strengthening forces through the recovery of state territory consciousness from post three-country period to the early Korea dynasty. Nevertheless, theses local form didn`t disappear later on Koryo dynasty founding and influenced many formative arts including stone stupa. It showed that Koryo society was not centralism but dualistic system going with cental and local forces. The stone stupa of Baekjae line ranges in ancient Baekjae from Choongchung province to Honam province area. From among these, the original stone stupa of Baekjae line which exactly imitated the orignal stone stupa form converges on Choongnam and Junbook province area. The five-story stone stupa in Magok temple is the stone stupa of Koryo line being reflected in the influence of Shilla stone stupa form(face a stone smoothly of the body of a stone stupa and method of solemn decoration) which was based on the stone stupa form of Baekjae line(the Stylobate structure). Sambyurcho(三別抄) strife which was suppressed by the allied forces being made up Mongol(蒙古) and Koryo brought about the emergence of political system called Y?an(元) interference period. Especially in the reign period of Korea king who mounted the throne as a son-in-law in Y?an imperial family, the culture of Y?an and Lama buddhism(喇?佛敎) was actively absorbed in Korea. The earlier studies on the five-story stone stupa in Magok temple were on the basis of political and Buddhist situation in the latter part of Korea dynasty and they are defined as special stone stupa which were built in the influence of lama style together with the Stupas like 10 storied-Stupa in the temple of Kyoungchunsa(敬天寺十層石塔). But, except if the bronze Sang-ryun(相輪; The top of the stupa portion) installed on the top of stupa, we don`t notice the direct influence of lama stupa. The 4th Buddha (Buddha statues carved on all four sides) sculpt in two-story stupa of body also show style affinity with wooden statue of the Buddha made in 13~14C. It isn`t the limited distinction in the five-story stone stupa in Magok temple. This study which is based on these critical mind will inquire into whether or not lama stupa form being counted as important distinction in five-story stone stupa in Magok temple influenced. And through the age and use of bronze Sang-ryun, Sumidan(須彌壇; a dais for a Buddhist image) style and arc molding, the problem of foundation stones, I will do overall analysis for modeling distinction on five-story stone stupa in Magok temple.