권업모범장의 설립과정과 역사적 성격 = The Historical Characteristic on the Japan`s Agricultural Experimental Organizations in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

일제는 청일전쟁 이후 한국에 대한 정치적·경제적 지배를 강화하면서 한국의 미곡을 대량으로 반출하여 자국의 부족한 식량문제를 근본적으로 해결하고자 하였다. 그러나 문제는 한국의 쌀이 일본에 수출되는데 많은 문제가 있다는 점이다. 첫째는 한국의 쌀이 일본에 수출될 정도 충분히 생산되지 못한다는 점이고. 둘째는 미질이 일본시장에서 상품으로 거래되기에는 품질수준이 매우 낮다는 것이다. 다시 말해 한국의 쌀은 양과 질 양면에서 개량될 필요하다고 인식하게 되었다. 따라서 이 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 일제는 `농사모범장` 설치를 준비해 갔고, 그 과정에서 한국정부 주도의 농사시험장 설립이 추진되었지만 이를 묵살하고 1906년 6월 일본정부 주도의 권업모범장을 경기도 수원에 창설하였던 것이다. 권업모범장 창설 이후 자신들의 외도가 달성되었다고 판단한 일제는 이것을 한국정부에 이양하였다. 일제는 권업모범장 설립으로 그들의 목적으로 한 쌀의 안정적 공급지로서 역할을 담당시키고자 하였고, 한국에서 쌀 생산증대를 통해 양질의 쌀을 일본에 공급하고자 하였다. 일제강점기 전시기 동안 일제는 이 같은 농업정책의 기조 하에 농업기술 정책이 수립되고 추진되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzes the Agricultural Technology Organization which focused on colonial agricultural as well as the supplying Japanese agricultural technical system to Korea within a Japanese imperialism framework. The Agricultural Technology Organization was a reorganization of traditional Korean agricultural to a colonial agriculture system. Namely, this work addresses the various agricultural experiments under the Korean Government General. This study centers around the Kwonup mobum jang(勸業模範場), later called the Central Agricultural Examination Station(農事試驗場). The beginning of colonial agriculture in Korea began with the establishment of the Agricultural Technology Station in Suwon, 1906 and the Province Field Seedling Organization in Ch`inju, Hamhung two years later. Both systems were later reorganized and expanded by the Korean Government General. Until 1910 the aim of the Kwonup mobum jang had been to conduct a large scale propaganda campaign promoting Japanese farming techniques and to spread Japanese varieties of seeds. This organization`s main activities had been to set an example of agriculture rather than agricultural experimentation. After Japan annexed Korea in August 1910. This study reaches four conclusions regarding the experimentation and research of colonial Japan`s agrarian policies in Korea. First, the experimentation and improvements to Korean agricultural methods were determinated by the needs and demands of Japan`s population, not Korea`s demand. This is to be expected because Japan had political control over Korea. The colonial regime established and staffed the Agricultural Experiment Organization oversaw the introduction of farming techniques, seed varieties, and so forth. Second, the colonial regime imported Japanese agricultural techniques and forced them upon Korean farmers. This ignored traditional Korean techniques which had evolved over centuries to accommodate local the soil and climate. Third, experimentation and study of agricultural techniques concentrated on the rice production. Under Japan, Korea`s agricultural production became a mono-culture based on rice. Furthermore, much of this rice was exported to Japan while the Korean population relied increasingly on other grains. Forth, the ultimate end to these policies was not Korean agricultural development, but increased food production for the Japanese population. To spread newly improved seeds that were studied in Japan, colonial bureaucrats invariably experimented on Korean lands through these technical organizations. Japan tested unproven seed varieties on Korea`s wide land, so the damage to the Korean peasantry is often ignored. Japan had experimented with varieties of rice on many farms without compensation to the participating farmers.

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