Superresolution optical microscopy : the quest for enhanced resolution and contrast

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part I Development of Microscopes
• 1 Connections Between Light, Vision, and Microscopes = 5
• References = 11
• 2 Concepts and Criteria of Resolution = 13
• 2.1 Introduction: What Is Resolution? = 13
• 2.2 Role of Diffraction in Image Formation = 14
• 2.3 Development of the Two-Point Resolution Concept : Classical Criteria = 15
• 2.3.1 George Biddell Airy on Resolution : Airy Diffraction Pattern = 15
• 2.3.2 Lord Rayleigh on Resolution = 16
• 2.3.3 Sparrow on Resolution = 18
• 2.4 Other Criteria of Resolution = 20
• 2.4.1 Resolution Based on the Point Spread Function = 20
• 2.4.2 Fourier-Based Resolution Criteria = 20
• 2.4.3 Nyquist Theorem-Based Resolution Criteria = 22
• 2.5 Optical Transfer Function and Modulation Transfer Function = 23
• 2.6 Concept of Diffraction Limit = 25
• 2.7 Early Concepts of Superresolution = 26
• 2.8 Again, What Is Resolution? = 28
• References = 29
• Further Reading = 32
• 3 Aberrations and Artifacts Confound Optical Resolution = 33
• 3.1 What You See May Not Be What It Is = 33
• 3.2 Aberrations in Microscopy = 35
• 3.3 Artifacts in Microscopy = 38
• References = 38
• Further Reading = 39
• 4 Insights into the Development of Light Microscopes = 41
• 4.1 Introduction = 41
• 4.2 Development of Light Microscopes : Case Studies = 43
• References = 48
• Further Reading = 49
• 5 Ernst Abbe and His Contributions to Optics = 51
• 5.1 Introduction = 51
• 5.2 Ernst Abbe : A Brief Biography = 53
• 5.3 Abbe’s Contributions to Optics = 55
• 5.3.1 Abbe Sine Condition = 56
• 5.3.2 Abbe Number = 58
• 5.3.3 Improved Manufacturing Methods and Increased Accuracy of Optical Instruments = 58
• 5.3.4 Abbe’s New Illumination System for the Microscope = 59
• 5.3.5 Abbe’s Homogeneous Immersion = 60
• References = 63
• Further Reading = 64
• 6 Abbe’s Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope = 65
• 6.1 Introduction = 65
• 6.2 Barry R. Masters’ Translation of Abbe’s 1873 Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope = 67
• 6.3 Commentary on Abbe’s 1873 Publication = 90
• 6.3.1 The Key Points in Abbe’s “Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung” = 90
• 6.3.2 Dissemination and Understanding of Abbe’s Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope = 93
• 6.4 Stephenson’s Paper on Abbe’s Experiments Illustrating Abbe’s Theory of Microscopic Vision = 95
• 6.5 Further Commentary and the English Reception of Abbe’s “Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung” = 103
• 6.6 Summary Remarks on Abbe’s Theory and Abbe’s Experiments = 105
• References = 106
• Further Reading = 107
• 7 Helmholtz’s Contributions on the Theoretical Limits to the Resolution of the Microscope = 109
• 7.1 Introduction = 109
• 7.2 Helmholtz and His 1874 Publication : On the Limits of Optical Capacity of the Microscope = cal Limits of the Optical Capacity (Resolution) of the Microscope) English translation by Barry R. Masters = 112
• 7.2.2 Commentary on Helmholtz’s Publication “On the Limits of the Optical Capacity [Resolution] of the Microscope” = 131
• 7.3 Rayleigh’s Paper “On the Theory of Optical Images with Special Reference to the Microscope” = 134
• 7.4 Porter’s 1906 Publication : “On the Diffraction Theory of Microscopic Vision” = 136
• References = 138
• Further Reading = 139
• 8 Further Insights into Abbe’s Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope Based on Diffraction = 141
• 8.1 Introduction = 141
• 8.2 Zernike’s Insights on Abbe’s Theory and the Zeiss Werke Culture = 142
• 8.3 Abbe’s Diffraction Experiments Parts 1–5, by Peter Evennett, Dresden Imaging Facility Network, 2001 = 146
• References = 149
• Further Reading = 150
• 9 Mathematical Description of Abbe’s Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope Based on Diffraction = 153
• 9.1 Introduction = 153
• 9.2 Mathematical Description of Abbe’s Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope Based on Diffraction = 154
• References = 159
• Further Reading = 160
• Part II Optical Techniques to Enhance Contrast in the Microscope
• 10 Richard Zsigmondy and Henry Siedentopf’s Ultramicroscope = 165
• 10.1 Introduction = 165
• 10.2 The Ultramicroscope : Design, Development, and Applications = 168
• References = 171
• 11 Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy = 173
• 11.1 Introduction = 173
• 11.2 Review of Instrument Design, Capabilities, and Limitations of Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy = 175
• 11.3 Optical Projection Tomography = 182
• 11.4 Instrumentation: Construction, Advantages, Limitations, and Applications = 183
• 11.5 Innovation on Microscope Illumination : Bessel and Airy Beams = 192
• 11.5.1 Bessel Beams and Their Use in Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy = 193
• 11.5.2 Airy Beams and Their Use in Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy = 200
• References = 204
• Further Reading = 209
• 12 Phase Microscopy to Enhance Contrast = 213
• 12.1 Introduction = 213
• 12.2 Phase Contrast Microscopy = 215
• 12.3 Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy = 219
• 12.4 Hoffman Modulation Contrast Microscopy = 223
• References = 225
• Further Reading = 227
• Part III Far-Field Superresolution Optical Microscopy
• 13 Structured Illumination Microscopy = 233
• 13.1 Introduction = 233
• 13.2 Antecedents of Structured Illumination Microscopy = 237
• 13.3 Linear Structured Illumination Microscopy = 241
• 13.4 Nonlinear Structured Illumination Microscopy = 249
• 13.5 Overview of Structured Illumination Microscopy = 255
• References = 256
• Further Reading = 259
• 14 Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy and Related Techniques = 261
• 14.1 Introduction = 261
• 14.1.1 Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy = 262
• 14.1.2 Einstein’s 1916 Concept of Stimulated Emission = 267
• 14.1.3 Spiral Phase Plate Conversion of a Gaussian TEM00 Laser Beam to a Helical Beam with an Annular Intensity Profile and Zero Intensity at the Center = 270
• 14.1.4 Vortex Beams and Singular Optics = 271
• 14.2 Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy = 276
• 14.2.1 Historical Perspectives = 276
• 14.2.2 Stimulated Emission Depletion Foundations, Instrumentation, and Applications = 282
• 14.3 Ground State Depletion Microscopy = 287
• 14.4 Reversible Saturable Optical Fluorescence Transitions Microscopy = 290
• 14.5 Advances in Instrumentation, Probes, and Applications = 293
• References = 298
• Further Reading = 303
• 15 Localization Microscopy with Active Control = 307
• 15.1 Introduction = 307
• 15.2 Antecedent Publications = 313
• 15.3 Photoactivated Localization Microscopy = 318
• 15.3.1 Steps Toward Photoactivated Localization Microscopy = 318
• 15.3.2 The Invention and Development of Photoactivated Localization Microscopy = 321
• 15.4 Interferometric Photoactivated Localization Microscopy = 327
• 15.5 Fluorescence Photoactivated Localization Microscopy = 331
• 15.6 Photoactivated Localization Microscopy with Independently Running Acquisition = 336
• 15.7 Superresolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging = 337
• 15.8 Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy = 339
• 15.8.1 Introduction = 339
• 15.8.2 The First Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Publication = 342
• 15.8.3 Developments of Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy = 346
• 15.9 Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy = 355
• 15.10 General Comments on Localization Microscopy with Active Control = 357
• References = 363
• Further Reading = 368
• 16 Coda : Trade-Offs, Cautions, and Limitations of Superresolution Optical Microscopes = 371
• 16.1 Introduction = 371
• 16.2 Highly Desirable Future Developments = 375
• References = 376
• Further Reading = 377
• Appendix A : Annotated Biography of Key Publications Relevant to Abbe’s Beiträge 1873 = 379
• A.1 Introduction = 379
• A.2 Contribution of Nägeli and Schwendener, Das Mikroskop, Theorie und Anwendung desselben (The Microscope, Theory and Applications) (1867, 1877) = 380
• A.3 Contribution of Leopold Dippel, Das Mikroskop und Seine Anwendung, Second Edition (The Microscope and Its Applications) (1882) = 381
• A.4 Contribution of Siegfried Czapski, Theorie der Optischen Instrumente nach Abbe (Theory of Optical Instruments after Abbe) (1893) = 382
• A.5 Contribution of Dr. Albrecht Zimmermann, Das Mikroskop. Ein Leitfaden der wissenschaftlichen Mikroskopie (The Microscope, A Manual of Scientific Microscopy) (1895) = 382
• A.6 Contribution of William B. Carpenter and W. H. Dallinger, The Microscope and Its Revelations, Eighth Edition (1901) =\ 384
• A.7 Contribution of Siegfried Czapski in A. Winkelmann (Ed.), Handbuch der Physik, Zweite Auflage, Sechster Band, Optik (1906) = 385
• A.8 Contributions of Otto Lummer and Fritz Reiche, Die Lehre von der Bildentstehung im Mikroskop von Ernst Abbe (The Theory of Image Formation in the Microscope by Ernst Abbe) (1910) = 387
• A.9 Contributions of Siegfried Czapski and Otto Eppenstein, Grundzüge der Theorie der optischen Instrumente nach Abbe, Dritte Auflage (Fundamentals of the Theory of Optical Instruments after Abbe, Third Edition) (1924) = 388
• A.10 Contributions of the late O. Lummer, Müller-Pouillet’s Lehrbuch der Physik, Zweiter Band, 11. Auflage. Die Lehre von der strahlenden Energie (Optik), Erste Hälfte (MüllerPouillet’s Physics Textbook, Second Volume, 11th Edition. The Teaching of Radiant Energy (Optics), First Half) (1926) = 389
• References = 392
• Appendix B : Responsible Conduct of Research = 397
• Index = 399