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      두 도시 이야기 : 퍼거슨과 미니애폴리스 = A Tale of Two Cities: Ferguson and Minneapolis

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A107156320

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      The purpose of this essay is to examine why a number of blacks have been killed by police in the United States. The author maintains that police brutality should be understood not as the result of individual deviation but as the outcome of hierarchica...

      The purpose of this essay is to examine why a number of blacks have been killed by police in the United States. The author maintains that police brutality should be understood not as the result of individual deviation but as the outcome of hierarchical racial structure by examining the 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri and the 2020 horrific choking death of George Floyd in Minneapolis. After the 1970s, Ferguson, a once-vanilla suburb in which white Americans were the majority population group, was turned into a chocolate suburb where the majority of residents were blacks. Nevertheless, the white Americans still retained almost all of the city’s power. The shooting and killing of an unarmed teenager named Brown was the inevitable tragedy caused by the racial conflicts between the chocolate suburb and vanilla power. In 2020, Floyd, a 46-year-old black, was murdered by a white police officer in Minneapolis. The city of lakes has been considered one of the most progressive cities in the United States. However, the city failed to put a ban on the use of excessive force by police officers. Floyd was victimized by Minneapolis police officers who became a group of beasts out of control.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 이찬행, "“Hands Up Don’t Shoot”: 왜 퍼거슨 흑인들은 분노하는가?" 11 : 57-64, 2014

      2 Vera Bergengruen, "‘It Was a Tinderbox’: How George Floyd’s Killing Highlighted America’s Police Reform Failures"

      3 Andrea S. Boyles, "You Can’t Stop the Revolution: Community Disorder and Social Ties in Post-Ferguson America" U of California P 2019

      4 John Harrington, "Working Group on Police-Involved Deadly Force Encounters"

      5 Michael J. Lansing, "Will Minneapolis Learn from the Failed Handling of Its Last Uprising?"

      6 Michael B. Katz, "Why Don’t American Cities Burn?" U of Pennsylvania P 83-86, 2012

      7 Jason Rosenbaum, "Who’s in Charge Here? For Ferguson and St. Louis County Police, Not Elected Officials"

      8 Malcolm Gay, "White Flight and White Power in St. Louis"

      9 Justin Worland, "What to Know About Philando Castile’s Police Shooting Death in Minnesota"

      10 William Julius Wilson, "The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy" U of Chicago P 1987

      1 이찬행, "“Hands Up Don’t Shoot”: 왜 퍼거슨 흑인들은 분노하는가?" 11 : 57-64, 2014

      2 Vera Bergengruen, "‘It Was a Tinderbox’: How George Floyd’s Killing Highlighted America’s Police Reform Failures"

      3 Andrea S. Boyles, "You Can’t Stop the Revolution: Community Disorder and Social Ties in Post-Ferguson America" U of California P 2019

      4 John Harrington, "Working Group on Police-Involved Deadly Force Encounters"

      5 Michael J. Lansing, "Will Minneapolis Learn from the Failed Handling of Its Last Uprising?"

      6 Michael B. Katz, "Why Don’t American Cities Burn?" U of Pennsylvania P 83-86, 2012

      7 Jason Rosenbaum, "Who’s in Charge Here? For Ferguson and St. Louis County Police, Not Elected Officials"

      8 Malcolm Gay, "White Flight and White Power in St. Louis"

      9 Justin Worland, "What to Know About Philando Castile’s Police Shooting Death in Minnesota"

      10 William Julius Wilson, "The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy" U of Chicago P 1987

      11 David Milton, "The Politics of U.S. Labor: From the Great Depression to the New Deal" Monthly Review P 52-, 1982

      12 Richard Rothstein, "The Making of Ferguson: Public Policies at the Roots of Its Troubles" Economic Policy Institute 2014

      13 Colin Gordon, "The Making of Ferguson"

      14 Ruth Frankenberg, "The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness" Duke UP 76-, 2001

      15 H. Kenneth Bechtel, "State Police in the United States: A Socio-Historical Analysis" Greenwood P 1995

      16 Iric Nathanson, "Remembering Charlie Stenvig and the Minnesota T Party"

      17 Eric Garland, "Race and Beyond: Is Trouble in Ferguson a Design Failure of Its Government Structure?" Center for American Progress

      18 Matt Pearce, "Protesters and Police Face off in St. Louis Suburb over Shooting"

      19 Raphael J. Sonenshein, "Politics in Black and White: Race and Power in Los Angeles" Princeton UP 1993

      20 Eric H. Monkkonen, "Police in Urban America 1860~1920" Cambridge UP 1981

      21 Sam Blum, "Police Unions Wield Massive Power in American Politics —For Now"

      22 Ciara McCarthy, "Philando Castile: Police Officer Charged with Manslaughter over Shooting Death"

      23 Theodore Christian Blegen, "Minnesota: A History of the State" U of Minnesota P 716-, 1997

      24 Sarah Mervosh, "Minneapolis, Tackling Housing Crisis and Inequity, Votes to End Single-Family Zoning"

      25 Matt Furber, "Minneapolis Police, Long Accused of Racism, Face Wrath of Wounded City"

      26 Libor Jany, "Minneapolis Police Union Offers Free ‘Warrior’ Training, in Defiance of Mayor’s Ban"

      27 Mitch Smith, "Minneapolis Police Officers Won’t Be Charged in Fatal Shooting"

      28 Nicky Woolf, "Minneapolis Man Shot in Altercation with Police Dies in Hospital"

      29 Jennifer Alice Delton, "Making Minnesota Liberal: Civil Rights and the Transformation of the Democratic Party" U of Minnesota P 7-8, 2002

      30 Barbara Ransby, "Making All Black Lives Matter: Reimagining Freedom in the Twenty-First Century" U of California P 2018

      31 Neil Kraus, "Majoritarian Cities: Policy Making and Inequality in Urban Politics" U of Michigan P 108-, 2013

      32 Jeffrey Bloodworth, "Losing the Center: The Decline of American Liberalism, 1968~1992" UP of Kentucky 2013

      33 Charles Murray, "Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950~1980" Basic Books 1984

      34 John DeCarlo, "Labor Unions, Management Innovation and Organizational Change in Police Departments" Springer 3-4, 2015

      35 United States Department of Justice, "Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department"

      36 Jeff Smith, "In Ferguson, Black Town, White Power"

      37 Roderick Bush, "Hybrid Identities: Theoretical and Empirical Examinations" Brill 148-, 2008

      38 Colin Gordon, "How Racism Became Policy in Ferguson"

      39 Libor Jany, "Hennepin County Report Finds Stark Racial Disparities in Traffic Stops"

      40 United States Commission on Civil Rights, "Hearing before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Hearing Held in St. Louis"

      41 Frances Robles, "Ferguson Sets Broad Change for City Courts"

      42 Mitchell Newton-Matza, "Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-Class History Volume 1" Routledge 440-441, 2007

      43 Richard Read, "Derek Chauvin, Officer Arrested in George Floyd’s Death, Has a Record of Shootings and Complaints"

      44 Elizabeth Kneebone, "Confronting Suburban Poverty in America" Brookings Institution 2016

      45 George L. Kelling, "Community Policing: Rhetoric or Reality" Praeger 3-25, 1988

      46 Douglas Belkin, "Clout of Minneapolis Police Union Boss Reflects National Trend"

      47 이찬행, "Chocolate Suburb, Vanilla Power: Race, Space and Civil Unrest in Ferguson" 50 (50): 3-20, 2018

      48 Ronald P. Formisano, "Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s" U of North Carolina P 2004

      49 Valerie C. Johnson, "Black Power in the Suburbs: The Myth or Reality of African-American Suburban Political Incorporation" State U of New York P 131-143, 2002

      50 Dewey M. Clayton, "Black Lives Matter and the Civil Rights Movement: A Comparative Analysis of Two Social Movements in the United States" 49 (49): 448-480, 2018

      51 Molly Priesmeyer, "94 Percent of Minneapolis Police Officers Live Outside the City of Minneapolis. Does It Matter?"

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      2027 평가예정 재인증평가 신청대상 (재인증)
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      기준연도 WOS-KCI 통합IF(2년) KCIF(2년) KCIF(3년)
      2016 0.64 0.64 0.63
      KCIF(4년) KCIF(5년) 중심성지수(3년) 즉시성지수
      0.52 0.45 1.421 0.15
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