Myth defines our lives with existing in our lives of today. In other words, pretty much of our sense of values and view of the world have originated from myth. China, Japan and Korea have been tied to the long historical and cultural bond. A lot of th...
Myth defines our lives with existing in our lives of today. In other words, pretty much of our sense of values and view of the world have originated from myth. China, Japan and Korea have been tied to the long historical and cultural bond. A lot of the former studies in myth have also proved the connection among the above three countries. The existing comparative study of chinese, Japanese and Korean myth has been progressed in the circumstances demonstrating that the native country's myth is superior to the other countries' myth. This study aims at developing the relationship among the three countries in this new century, considers Chinese, Japanese and Korean myth in perspective, and tries to find out the root of the cultural factors such as the ethnic characteristics, view of life and customs of the three countries.
First, the creation myth of China, Japan and Korea commonly derived from ‘Chaos’. In the myth chaos was thought of as 'Disorder' and 'Shortage', creation meant 'Order' and 'Rank' caused by the separation from heaven and earth. In addition, the factor of myth that the metamorphosis of the god of Giant is the origin of the universe, is shared by the three countries. It is an emblem of the idea that the universe is a living organism. The myth reconstructing the collapsed heaven, after the creation of the earth and heaven, is found in both Chinese and Korean myth. It is regarded not as the direct creation of the world, but as settling down the downfall of the order of the world due to the collapsed heaven. Relating to the origin of the world, it is certain that Chinese and Korea myth has the same factor as man was created with soil. Korean 'Changsega' and Japanese myth have a few things in common. For example, 'Miruk' and 'Seokga' were figured as creators in 'Kunggodo Myth' of Okinawa, and afterward, 'Miruk' and 'Seokga' competed with each other to take over the world.
The creation myth of China, Japan and Korea was examined connected with their culture. In case of China, it is seen that their unique idea, man ought to obey the order of the heaven and earth, was fundamentally attributable to the myth. Ancient Chinese set much importance on the order of the heaven and earth and they applied it to man. Japanese liberal sense of sex and peculiar wedding customs are seen to have its origin in the myth filled with sex and reproduction. Korean traditional view of humanity is also seen to find the source in our creation myth.
Second, the national foundation myth of China, Japan and Korea are compared and looked into here. The national founder of China, Hwangje established his definite position through combat, showed his superior power in making utensils and the image of respectable ruler with virtue. Japanese foundation myth was reconstituted minutely with political intent to explain reasonably the origin of rein over the country by Chunhwang. Through the descending feature of 'Susano' and ‘Ninigi’, gods from heaven, marriage and taking over sovereign power, it is certain to have a close link between Japanese and Korean myth. Korean foundation myth based on Dangun put the importance on man. The national founders of the three countries seemed to have the features as 'Culture Hero' and it gave the three peoples a basis for a sense of pride. In the aspect of taking over power, it was taken by fighting in Chinese and Japanese myth, on the other hand, by incorporation and harmony in Korean myth.
Third, cultural characteristics of the three peoples are referred here connected with the national foundation myths. Hwangje, the founder of China, is figured as a man of honor, the ideal human beings of a Confucianist. For chinese, this feature of Hwangje became the true image for ruler and human beings. Japanese foundation myth was reorganized nationally to secure authority and orthodoxy of Chunhwang family. This deifying of Chunhwang after became a motive on the sense of Chunhwang for Japanese. Japanese unique 'Situational Realism, to seek actual profit rather than to resist in the face of overwhelming power, also resulted from the myth. Korean human based way of thinking and preference for the number 3 have the origin in the foundation myth too.
Finally, this made clear the meaning of comparative study of Chinese, Japanese and Korean myth. It made a way for the beginning of study about the three countries' myth, looked deeper the myth with proper balance and set the importance on the comparison of Chinese and Korean myth that has been carried on carelessly. It tried to find the root of three countries' culture through the myth.
The problems of comparative literature were managed with the myth from the three countries. First of all, how to affect and be affected in the myth of the countries ought to be clear with objective material. By tracing the original myth, the fundamental features of the myth should be reconstructed. The study of South and North Korean myth is an important subject to deal with.