(The) role of agricultural cooperatives in fostering rural community development : the case of Tanzania

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The agriculture sector is the main source of employment and income in rural areas where the majority of the world’s poor and hungry people are located. Poverty being a rural phenomenon in most developing countries such as Tanzania, the mechanism to be used should target the recipients. One of these methods which are widely used is to organize people in form of associations or cooperatives based on the value of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality and responsibility. Agricultural cooperatives play an important role in supporting small agricultural producers and marginalized groups such as young people and women. They offer small agricultural producer’s opportunities and a wide range of services, including improved access to markets, natural resources, information, communication, technologies, credits and training. They also help small holders to participate in decision making at all levels, supporting them to secure the rights to use land, and negotiate for agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and equipment. Through this support, small holder produces can improve their livelihoods and play a great role in meeting the growing demand of food on local, national and international markets, thus contributing to poverty alleviation, food security and rural community development. Therefore, this paper is focused to assess how agricultural cooperatives can be used to promote rural community development as well the necessary conditions and policies for agricultural cooperatives to achieve the desirable outcomes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Introduction 1
• 1.2 Objectives of the Study 8
• CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10
• 2.1 The Concept of Cooperatives 10
• 2.1.1 Definition of Cooperatives 11
• 2.1.2 The Difference Between Cooperatives and Business Enterprise 12
• 2.1.3 Basic Principles of Cooperatives 13
• 2.2. The Benefits of Agricultural Cooperatives for Rural Smallholders 14
• 2.3 Agricultural Cooperatives and Self-Help Rural Community Development. 18
• 2.4 Agricultural Cooperatives and Asset Based Community Development 20
• 2.5 Agricultural Cooperatives and Self Development 23
• 2.6 Main Conditions that Facilitate Successful Agricultural Cooperative 24
• CHAPTER 3: AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES, FOOD SECURITY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA 32
• 3.1 Tanzania Brief Country Information 32
• 3.2 The Recent Performance of the Agricultural Sector in Tanzania 34
• 3.3 The status of Agriculture and Agro-business in Tanzania 35
• 3.3.1 Food Crop Production 36
• 3.3.2 Export Crop Production 38
• 3.4 Role of Agricultural Cooperative on Rural Development and Food Security 39
• 3.4.1 Agricultural Co-operatives and Food Security in Tanzania 40
• 3.4.2 Agricultural Co-operatives and Rural Development 44
• 3.5 Some Successful Examples of Agricultural Cooperatives in Tanzania 46
• CHAPTER 4: PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AND CONDITIONS THAT FACILITATE THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA 53
• 4.1 The Case for State Fostering of Smallholder’s Agricultural Cooperatives 53
• 4.2 Policies addressing the exogenous conditions 55
• 4.2.1 Policies Addressing Land in Tanzania 55
• 4.2.2 Policies Addressing Credit 56
• 4.2.3 Policies Addressing Technology and Technical Services 58
• 4.2.4 Policies Addressing Markets 59
• CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 61
• 5.1 Challenges of Agricultural Cooperatives 61
• 5.2 Prospect for the Future of Agricultural Cooperatives in Tanzania 62
• 5.3 Conclusion 65
• Refferences 66