Questions on love and charity : summa theologiae, secunda secundae, questions 23-46

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Abbreviations = xiv
• Introduction : Reading Thomas on Charity in the Summa of Theology / Robert Miner = 1
• Summa of Theology, Secunda Secundae, Questions 23-46 on Charity, with the Opposed Vices, Precepts, and Gift
• Question 23. Charity in Itself = 21
• Article 1. Whether charity is friendship. = 21
• Article 2. Whether charity is something created in the soul. = 24
• Article 3. Whether charity is a virtue. = 26
• Article 4. Whether charity is a special virtue. = 28
• Article 5. Whether charity is one virtue. = 30
• Article 6. Whether charity is the most excellent of the virtues. = 31
• Article 7. Whether there can be any true virtue without charity. = 33
• Article 8. Whether charity is the form of the virtues. = 36
• Question 24. The Subject of Charity = 38
• Article 1. Whether the will is the subject of charity. = 38
• Article 2. Whether charity is caused in us by infusion. = 40
• Article 3. Whether charity is infused according to the quantity of natural things. = 41
• Article 4. Whether charity can be increased. = 43
• Article 5. Whether charity is increased by addition. = 45
• Article 6. Whether charity is increased by any particular act of charity. = 48
• Article 7. Whether charity is increased to infinity. = 49
• Article 8. Whether charity can be completed in this life. = 51
• Article 9. Whether three steps of charity are appropriately distinguished. = 53
• Article 10. Whether charity can be decreased. = 55
• Article 11. Whether charity once possessed can be lost. = 58
• Article 12. Whether charity is lost by a single act of mortal sin. = 61
• Question 25. The Object of Charity = 65
• Article 1. Whether the love of charity stops at God, or also extends to our neighbor. = 65
• Article 2. Whether charity should be loved out of charity. = 67
• Article 3. Whether even irrational creatures should be loved out of charity. = 69
• Article 4. Whether a person loves himself out of charity. = 70
• Article 5. Whether a person should love his own body out of charity. = 72
• Article 6. Whether sinners should be loved out of charity. = 73
• Article 7. Whether sinners love themselves. = 76
• Article 8. Whether it is necessary for charity that enemies are loved. = 78
• Article 9. Whether it is necessary for charity that a person show the signs or effects of love to his enemy. = 80
• Article 10. Whether we should love the angels out of charity. = 82
• Article 11. Whether we should love the demons out of charity. = 83
• Article 12. Whether the four things that should be loved out of charity are inappropriately enumerated. = 85
• Question 26. The Order of Charity = 87
• Article 1. Whether there is an order in charity. = 87
• Article 2. Whether God should be loved more than one's neighbor. = 88
• Article 3. Whether a person should out of charity love God more than himself. = 90
• Article 4. Whether a person should out of charity love himself more than his neighbor. = 92
• Article 5. Whether a person should love his neighbor more than his own body. = 94
• Article 6. Whether one neighbor should be loved more than another. = 95
• Article 7. Whether we should love our better neighbors more than our closely connected ones. = 97
• Article 8. Whether one who is connected to us by carnal origin should be loved most of all. = 100
• Article 9. Whether out of charity a person should love his child more than his father. = 102
• Article 10. Whether a person should love his mother more than his father. = 104
• Article 11. Whether a man should love his wife more than his father or mother. = 106
• Article 12. Whether a person should love his benefactor more than his beneficiary. = 107
• Article 13. Whether the order of charity remains in the homeland. = 109
• Question 27. The Principal Act of Charity, Which Is Love = 113
• Article 1. What is more proper to charity, being loved or loving. = 113
• Article 2. Whether loving, so far as it is charity's act, is nothing other than goodwill. = 115
• Article 3. Whether God is loved out of charity on account of himself. = 117
• Article 4. Whether in this life God can be loved without mediation. = 119
• Article 5. Whether God can be loved wholly. = 121
• Article 6. Whether in divine love some measure should be observed. = 122
• Article 7. Whether loving an enemy is more meritorious than loving a friend. = 125
• Article 8. Whether loving our neighbor is more meritorious than loving God. = 127
• Question 28. On Joy = 129
• Article 1. Whether joy is an effect of charity in us. = 129
• Article 2. Whether the spiritual joy that is caused by charity receives an admixture of sorrow. = 131
• Article 3. Whether the spiritual joy that is caused by charity can be full in us. = 132
• Article 4. Whether joy is a virtue. = 134
• Question 29. On Peace = 137
• Article 1. Whether peace is the same as concord. = 137
• Article 2. Whether all things desire peace. = 139
• Article 3. Whether peace is a proper effect of charity. = 141
• Article 4. Whether peace is a virtue. = 143
• Question 30. On Mercy = 145
• Article 1. Whether an evil is properly the motive of mercy. = 145
• Article 2. Whether a defect on the part of the one who is merciful is the reason for being merciful. = 147
• Article 3. Whether mercy is a virtue. = 149
• Article 4. Whether mercy is the greatest of the virtues. = 152
• Question 31. On Doing Good = 154
• Article 1. Whether doing good is an act of charity. = 154
• Article 2. Whether good should be done to everyone. = 156
• Article 3. Whether more good should be done to those who are more connected to us. = 157
• Article 4. Whether doing good is a special virtue. = 160
• Question 34. On Hatred = 162
• Article 1. Whether anyone can hate God. = 162
• Article 2. Whether hatred of God is the greatest of sins. = 164
• Article 3. Whether all hatred of one's neighbor is a sin. = 165
• Article 4. Whether hatred of one's neighbor is the gravest of the sins that are committed against one's neighbor. = 167
• Article 5. Whether hatred is a capital vice. = 168
• Article 6. Whether hatred arises from envy. = 170
• Question 35. On Acedia = 173
• Article 1. Whether acedia is a sin. = 173
• Article 2. Whether acedia is a special vice. = 176
• Article 3. Whether acedia is a mortal sin. = 177
• Article 4. Whether acedia should be set down as a capital vice. = 179
• Question 36. On Envy = 183
• Article 1. Whether envy is sorrow. = 183
• Article 2. Whether envy is a sin. = 185
• Article 3. Whether envy is a mortal sin. = 188
• Article 4. Whether envy is a capital vice. = 190
• Question 37. On Discord = 193
• Article 1. Whether discord is a sin. = 193
• Article 2. Whether discord is the daughter of vainglory. = 195
• Question 38. On Contention = 198
• Article 1. Whether contention is a mortal sin. = 198
• Article 2. Whether contention is the daughter of vainglory. = 201
• Question 39. On Schism = 203
• Article 1. Whether schism is a special sin. = 203
• Article 2. Whether schism is a graver sin than faithlessness. = 205
• Article 3. Whether schismatics have any power. = 208
• Article 4. Whether it is appropriate to punish schismatics by excommunication. = 210
• Question 40. On War = 212
• Article 1. Whether to make war is always a sin. = 212
• Article 2. Whether it is lawful for clerics and bishops to fight. = 215
• Article 3. Whether in wars it is lawful to lay ambushes. = 218
• Article 4. Whether it is lawful to make war on feast days. = 219
• Question 41. On Quarreling = 221
• Article 1. Whether quarreling is always a sin. = 221
• Article 2. Whether quarreling is the daughter of anger. = 223
• Question 42. On Sedition = 226
• Article 1. Whether sedition is a special sin, distinct from other sins. = 226
• Article 2. Whether sedition is always a mortal sin. = 227
• Question 43. On Scandal = 230
• Article 1. Whether scandal is inappropriately defined as "something said or done less rightly, bringing an occasion of ruin." = 230
• Article 2. Whether scandal is a sin. = 233
• Article 3. Whether scandal is a special sin. = 235
• Article 4. Whether scandal is a mortal sin. = 237
• Article 5. Whether passive scandal can fall upon even those who are perfect. = 238
• Article 6. Whether active scandal can be found in perfect men. = 240
• Article 7. Whether spiritual goods should be given up on account of scandal. = 241
• Article 8. Whether temporal things should be given up on account of scandal. = 245
• Question 44. The Precepts of Charity = 248
• Article 1. Whether a precept should be given about charity. = 248
• Article 2. Whether two precepts should have been given. = 250
• Article 3. Whether two precepts of charity suffice. = 252
• Article 4. Whether it is appropriately commanded that God should be loved with one's whole heart. = 254
• Article 5. Whether it is appropriately added "and with your whole soul and with your whole strength," etc. = 256
• Article 6. Whether this precept about the love of God can be kept in via. = 257
• Article 7. Whether the precept about the love of one's neighbor is given appropriately. = 259
• Article 8. Whether the order of charity falls under a precept. = 261
• Question 45. The Gift of Wisdom = 263
• Article 1. Whether wisdom should be counted among the gifts of the Holy Spirit. = 263
• Article 2. Whether wisdom is in the intellect, as in its subject. = 265
• Article 3. Whether wisdom is only speculative, or also practical. = 267
• Article 4. Whether wisdom can be without grace, and with mortal sin. = 269
• Article 5. Whether wisdom is in everyone who has grace. = 270
• Article 6. Whether the Seventh Beatitude corresponds to the gift of wisdom. = 272
• Question 46. On Folly, Which Is Opposed to Wisdom = 276
• Article 1. Whether folly is opposed to wisdom. = 276
• Article 2. Whether folly is a sin. = 278
• Article 3. Whether folly is the daughter of lust. = 279
• Essays
• Some Paradoxes in Teaching Charity / Mark D. Jordan = 283
• Disagreeing in Charity : Learning from Thomas Aquinas / Robert Miner = 299
• Is Charity the Holy Spirit? The Development of Aquinas's Disagreement with Peter Lombard / Dominic Doyle = 313
• Righteousness and Divine Love : Maimonides and Thomas on Charity / Jeffrey A. Bernstein = 336
• Grace-Perfected Nature : The Interior Effect of Charity in Joy, Peace, and Mercy / Sheryl Overmyer = 355
• Works Cited = 373
• Scriptural Citations = 374
• Nonscriptural Citations = 384