Emily Bronte의 Wuthering heights 硏究 : Heathcliff의 愛憎의 世界를 中心으로 = (A) study of Heathcliff's Love and Hatred in Wuthering Heights

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Inner seclusion of spirit, not dissipated by contact with the outer world, becomes a true source of Emily Bronte's strength. This novel is a unique imaginative creation which ignores the moral and social assumptions of the contemporary novel. No other novel of the Victorian period has penetrated so far into the depths of passion. In Wuthering Heights passion is treated as the natural pattern of life.
In this novel nature is seen as a complex of spiritual forces, embodying all that can be apprehended of fate and the supernatural. It's workings are beyond good and evil in the social and moral sense. Only that which is strong and instinct with passionate feeling survives: Bronte's nature has no place for cold-hearted sentiment, softness, kindly religiosity or conventional moralism.
In Wuthering Heights death is not an end but a liberation of the spirit, and in the world of Wuthering Heights those we normally call the living and the dead exist side by side are in communication. Emily Bronte makes no distinction between the natural and the supernatural; her world is one. It is a spiritual world.
Catherine and Heathcliff are linked forever, not spiritually, but, as it were, by natural law; not by the immortality of the soul only but by the immortality of the earth. So Catherine confesses Nelly of her oneness with Heathcliff: "I cannot express it; but surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation if I were entirely contained here?... If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and, if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the Universe would turn to a mighty stranger. I should not seem a part of it.... Nelly, I am Heathcliff-..." For Emily Bronte no human being is self-sufficient, and all suffering derives ultimately from isolation. Evil stems solely from the separation, that is, from the denial of oneness and affinity. A created being entirely self-contained would have no use or meaning. Without a self beyond the self, 'an existence of beyond you', the self would be senseless and fragmentary. When Catherine is dying, Heathcliff cries: "I cannot live without my life, I cannot live without my soul." What is conveyed to us here is the sense of an affinity deeper than sexual attraction, something, which it is not enough to describe as romantic love.
We recognize that the very forces which drove Heathcliff to rebellion for a higher freedom have themselves entrapped him in their own values and determined the nature of his revenge. The shock of Catherine's infidelity and Hindley's ill-treatment disturbs the natural harmony of Heathcliff's nature, and turns his from an alien element in the established order, into a force active for its destruction. In spite of Heathcliff's brutal cruelties and the sadistic infliction of pain on other people, we are left believing in some potential in him. We know he is on the side of humanity. Heathcliff is active and intelligent and able to carry the positive values of human aspirations on his shoulders. He is a manifestation of natural forces acting involuntarily under the pressure of his own nature. But he is a natural force which has been frustrated of its natural outlet, so it inevitably destructive.
Catherine and Heathcliff, portions of the flux of nature, children of rock and heath and tempest, strive to identify themselves as human, but disrupt all around them with their monstrous appetite for a inhuman kind of intercourse. At length the alien element that has so long disturbed the cosmic order has been assimilated to the body of nature. Catherine and Heathcliff reach peace through the final exhaustion of all their forces in the attempt to reach union in this life. Only in death, the realm of absolute communion, can Heathcliff "dissolve with" Catherine and be "happy" at last. The tremendous storm raised by the separation of the two lovers has been appeased at last. When the stormy fury of Heathcliff is sub-sided, the cosmic order is established once more. In the subtle tranquility, calm, order, balance, and harmony are restored. The calm Catherine and Heathcliff have reached has spread back into the world to be tangible in the soft wind breathing through the grass and blowing through the open windows at Wuthering Heights. The glorious world they enter belongs to the world of nature in the middle of the moor.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 第一章 序論 = 1
• 第二章 작품의 구성 = 7
• 第三章 Heathcliff의 愛憎의 世界 = 15
• 1. 情熱 = 15
• 2. 복수 = 26
• 第四章 結論 = 33
• Abstract = 37
• Bibliography = 41