الشعراء الزنادقة في العصر العباسي: بشار بن & = Heretic poets in the Abbasid era: Bashar Ibn Burd as a study case

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

هذا البحث دراسة في حركة الزندقة التي قامت خلال العصر العباسي الأول. حاولت أن أتتبع نشأة الحركة وجذورها الفارسية والهندية، ثم انتقالها إلى المنطقة العربية والإسلامية في عهد الخلافة العباسية. وقد تتبعت مصدر الكلمة في اللغة الفارسية والمعاني التي تفرعت إليها في اللغة العربية.كما درست بعض الظروف الحضارية في العراق التي ساعدت على شيوع هذه الأفكار انتقالها بين الجماهير. لقدكان العصر الذي ظهرت في الزندقة بحق عصر انقلاʪت فكرية وعقائدية، وهو العصر الذي نشأت فيه علوم العربية وما يمكن أن نطلق عليه اليوم التراث العربي

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research is a study of the heretic movement that took place during the first Abbasid era. I chose to study heresy of Bashar Ibn Burd. I tried to discover the concept of heresy in his poems. Bashar Ibn Burd was a stubborn poet who fought many battles with jurists and politicians, specially his famous battles against Wasil Ibn Ataa and the minister Yaqoub Ibn Daoud. In the third part, I tried to reveal the heresy of Bashar Ibn Burd by tracing the opinions of critics and guiding them to the heresy of Bashar. In the fourth part of the research, I tried to explore the reasons for the assassination of Bashar Ibn Burd, the research attempted to know whether this assassination took place for ideological or political reasons. Bashar tried to obtain a monetary award from the prizes -which granted by the caliph to the poets - from the Minister Jacob Ibn Daoud, but the Minister Jacob Ibn Daoud insisted that Bashar be deprived of the prizes of the caliph, so Bashar was angry, and he created a poem that satirized Minister Jacob Bin Dawood, and wrote another poem satirizing Caliph al-Mahdi. This poem was passed on to the caliph, who then ordered his death.