중세시기 교황절대주의(papal absolutism) 관념에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article is meant to explore the nature of absolutism and the roles of pope by analyzing the papal absolutism systematically. In doing so, the forming elements of the papal absolutism, divided into religious elements (supremacy of mind over body, pope as the vicar of God, and the powers that are ordained of God and historical elements(the Constantine donation, coronation, inquisition) are described. Also, the systematization of the papal absolutism around the principles of monarchy, jurisdiction, intervention and complete submission are analyzed. This article indicates that the papal absolutism with a sort of political ideology might be a driving force for such diverse roles of popes as the religious leader, the tyrannical leader and the God-like being and it had contributed to creating a divine theory of royalty as another political ideology in the modern times. On balance, Pope Gregory VII who laid the foundation for absolutism could become a strong leader, but such political leadership had declined remarkably at the final stage of his papacy. Innocent II and Innocent IV who had been said to establish universal rule and overlordship by consolidating and completing absolutism respectively, deserve tyrannical leaders. Boniface VIII can be generally said to be a failed leader.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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