수질분야 환경영향평가의 개선방안 - 환경오염시설의 통합관리와 대비하여 - = Water Quality Impact Assessment in Korea - Comparing with the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 수질관리 측면에서 주요한 여건 변화 즉 환경오염시설의 통합관리의 도입 시행에 유의하여 수질분야 환경영향평가 개선방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 환경영향평가시 적용되는 배출허용기준, 방류수수질기준, 수질오염총량관리, 수질보전을 위한 토지이용규제를 고찰하였다. 그리고 환경오염시설의 통합관리에 따라 도입된 최대배출기준, 허가배출기준, 한계배출기준 등을 고찰한 후, 최적가용기법과 미국의 최적가용기법 및 관련 제어기술과 비교하며, 수질분야 환경영향평가와 환경오염시설의 통합관리를 비교하였다. 수질분야 환경영향평가 개선방안으로 첫째 영향예측과 평가에 배출영향분석기법과 허가배출기준설정의 반영, 둘째 협의기준에 허가배출기준의 반영으로 강화된 농도규제와 대상 수질항목이 확대된 수질오염 총량관리의 구현, 셋째 저감방안에 통합관리사업장의 배출원 성격과 수질오염물질 특성에 따른 최적가용기법의 다양한 운영, 넷째 저감방안에 영양염류제어를 위한 질산염취약지구와 같은 토지이용규제의 도입, 다섯째 환경영향평가서 수질분야 항목과 토지이용분야 항목간의 연계성 강화 등을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The important changes in water environment management in Korea can be summarized as the enactment of Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities. Therefore water quality impact assessment should be reexamined and be revised. This study examines the present water quality impact assessment items (permissible discharge limits, standards for effluent water quality including Total Pollutant Load Management System) and considers the land use regulation for water quality conservation and NVZs(Nitrate Vulnerable Zones of EU and England). It also considers lately adopted standards(maximum discharge standards, permissible discharge standards, and marginal discharge standards etc) based on Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities and then compares Korean BAT and its counterpart control technology of U.S.A. And it also compares the items of water quality impact assessment with those of Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities, based on EIS reporting items. This study suggests five improvement measures for water quality impact assessment. First reflection of discharge impact analysis on impact prediction and assessment, second reflection of permissible discharge standards on agreed standards in the EIA procedure, third, reflection of diversified BAT on mitigation measures in the EIA procedure, forth introduction of land use regulation such as NVZs, finally strengthening linkage between water quality items and land use items etc.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이종호, "수질보전을 위한 입지규제의 개선방안" 한국지적정보학회 18 (18): 71-86, 2016

2 "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/nutrient-managementnitrate-vulnerable-zones"

3 "https://www.epa.gov/tmdl"

4 "https://www.epa.gov/eg/learn-about-effluentguidelines"

5 Lee JH, "Total Pollutant Load Management System and Land Use Regulation in Korea" Cheongju University Industrial Science Research Center 34 (34): 193-202, 2017

6 Tyldesley, David and Associates, "River Avon Special Area of Conservation Nutrient Management Plan for Phosphorus" 2015

7 U.S. EPA, "NPDES Permit Writers’ Manual"

8 Department for Environment, "Implementation of the Nitrate Pollution Prevention Regulations 2015 in England: Method for Designating Nitrate Vulnerable Zones for Surface Freshwaters. U.K" 2016

9 Department for Environment, "Implementation of the Nitrate Pollution Prevention Regulations 2015 in England: Method for Designating Nitrate Vulnerable Zones for Groundwaters. U.K" 2016

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12 Ministry of Environment, Korea, "Business Guideline on Effluent Charge" 2014

13 Ministry of Environment, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea, "BAT Guideline on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Management of Solid Incineration Facilities" 2016

14 Ministry of Environment, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea, "BAT Guideline on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Management of Production Facilities for Electricity and Steam" 2016

15 Ministry of Environment, Korea, "2017 White Paper of Environment" 2017