艮齋 李德弘의 註釋書 撰述과 壬亂 克服意識 = (A) Study on Writing of Commentaries of Kanjae Yi Duk-Hong and His Consciousness of Overcoming Japanese Invasion

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The family origin of Kanjae(艮齋, penname) Yi Duk-Hong(李德弘, 1541～1596) was Youngcheon(永川), his pseudonym(字) was Gyeng-Jung(宏仲) and he was a metaphysicist who lived in the middle of Chosun(朝鮮) Dynasty. This study focused on the writing of the commentary by Yi Duk-Hong as a scholar and his consciousness of overcoming Japanese invasion(壬亂) in order to understand what Yi Duk-Hong was.
Yi Duk-Hong devoted sincerely to learning for 12 years from his becoming a disciple of Yi Hwang(李滉) until he died. He never failed to ask questions about any suspicious matter and to write what he could understand from the questions. So he left the most commentaries among disciples.
The “Four Books Inquiries(四書質疑)” of Yi Duk-Hong was used as material in the publication of “Four Books Commentary(四書釋義)” of Yi Hwang when the handwriting of it was lost at the time of Japanese Invasion, and the “Book of Changes Inquiries(周易質疑)” contains much of his creative materials that can be used to measure the depth of his fortune-telling lore(易學). “Ancient Literature Inquiries(古文質疑)” is useful to understand the commentary situation of “Ancient Literature Treasure(古文眞寶)” of Toegye(退溪) School at that time, and “Family Customary Formalities(家禮註解)” is the first family customary formalities commentary written by Toegye School becoming the basis of the family customary formalities commentaries following it.
Especially “Discussion of Ju-Ja(朱子) letter's digest(朱書節要講錄)” and “Mental Inquiries(心經質疑)” of his commentaries have had much effect on future generations. The former was so great influenced that following Ju-Ja's scholars at that time copied to use as their essential reference book in understanding the letters of Ju-Ja. The latter gave much influence to the Confucianism in the latter period of the Chosun Dynasty as a lecture in the royal court at the time of King Hyo-Jong(孝宗) used this book as a reference. Afterward Song Si-Yeol (宋時烈) and others wrote “Mental Question Commentary(心經附註釋義)” by complemented the book by the decree of King Sook-Jong(肅宗).
The consciousness of Yi Duk-Hong about overcoming Japanese invasion is well shown in his two appeal letters to King Sunjo(宣祖) and Kwanghae the crown prince(光海君). We can know his outstanding knowledge of military strategy and his loyalty to the kingdom. Specific and practical measures were recommended in his appeal letters such as shooters' utilization of mountaineers(山尺), utilization of new battle formation(陣法), utilization of castles as effective defense method, establishment of wooden barricades(木柵) and utilization of tortoise shell boats(龜甲船).
Especially it is surprising that he made “Drawing of Tortoise Shell Boat(龜甲船圖)” which is assumed to be the original drawing of the “Turtle Ship(거북선, 龜船)”. It is sorry we are lacking in the material to prove the correlation between his “Drawing of Tortoise Shell Boat” and the “Turtle Ship” of General Yi Sun-Shin (李舜臣), but the fact itself that he created the idea of “Tortoise Shell Boat(龜甲船)” has considerable meaning.
His philosophical achievement as a neo-confucianist enables us to measure his position in the history of ideas and “Toegye School(退溪學派)”. Especially his position related to “Toegye Studies(退溪學)” should be reviewed more closely in future.
This study tried to grasp what he really was in light of his life as an outstanding scholar and excellent official, but failed to find it owing to shortage of related materials and my ability, remaining a subject to be studied in future.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次 = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• Ⅱ. 간재 연구의 성과와 과제 = 4
• 1. 연구의 성과 = 4
• 2. 연구의 과제 = 6
• Ⅲ. 간재의 주석서 찬술 = 9
• 1. 저술과 그 특징 = 9
• (1) 『간재집』의 간행경위 = 9
• (2) 『간재집』의 주요 내용 및 특징 = 13
• 2. 성리학과 주석서의 찬술 = 17
• (1) 성리학 = 17
• 1) 심학 = 18
• 2) 역학 = 24
• (2) 간재의 주석서 찬술양상 = 29
• 1) 질의 = 33
• 2) 강록 = 42
• 3) 주해 = 44
• 4) 기의 = 45
• (3) 주석서 찬술의 의의 = 46
• 1) 퇴계의 강학방식과 간재의 독실한 학문정신의 반영 = 46
• 2) 후대에 끼친 영향 = 49
• ① 『주서절요강록』의 경우 = 49
• ② 『심경질의』의 경우 = 50
• Ⅳ. 간재의 임란 극복의식 = 59
• 1. 간재와 임진왜란 = 59
• 2. 간재의 임란 극복의식 = 64
• (1) 심학적 극복론 = 65
• (2) 전술적 극복론 = 69
• 1) 전투전 고려사항 = 70
• ① 적실태 분석 = 70
• ② 군사 및 군량의 확보 = 71
• ③ 전투 시기 = 75
• 2) 지상 및 해상전 = 76
• ① 지상전：병기, 진법, 수성의 문제 = 76
• ② 해상전：목책과 귀갑선의 사용 = 81
• Ⅴ. 퇴계문하에서의 간재의 위상 = 89
• 1. 현재까지의 평가 = 89
• 2. 퇴계문하에서의 위상 = 95
• Ⅵ. 결론 = 107
• 附錄 = 111
• 1. 간재선생 연보(국역) = 111
• 2. 간재선생 연보(원문) = 138
• 3. 『퇴계선생언행록(이수연 찬)』문인 및 내용별 기록 통계표 = 146
• 4. 간재 이덕홍 관련 참고자료 = 147
• 5. 간재에게 답한 퇴계의 서간 목록 = 153
• 6. 간재와 관련이 있는 퇴계의 시 목록 = 156
• 參考文獻 = 157
• 英文抄錄 = 166