요가철학에서 이슈와라(Īśvara)의 역할

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores the role of ??vara in Yoga philosophy. Generally, In Hindu philosophy ??vara means the self-existent God who creates the world. But In the Yoga system, ??vara does not have this role. Instead, it has an excellent spiritual role as a special Self, so ??vara is a special kind of Self(Puru?a). In the Yogas?tra, ??vara has three characters : ① a special Self, ② the unsurpassed seed of omniscience ③ the Teacher of the earlier. In YSⅠ.23, it is clear that Patan?jali regards “devotion to the Lord” (??varapra?idha?na) as auxiliary practice leading to the inner ecstatic consciousness. ??vara as shown in the Yogas?tra also has three roles : ① through a recitation of Pran?ava(Om?), ??varapra?idh?na is a way of sama?dhi. ② through an action without fruits(Nis?kamakarma), ??varapra?idh?na is one of Kriya? Yoga. ③ through a niyama, ??varapra?idh?na is a practice of ‘as?t?an?ga’ which is the direct practice of sama?dhi.
Thus ??vara can be a function as a transformative catalyst or a guide for aiding the yogin on the path to spiritual emancipation. It cannot be denied that the concept of the ??vara as formulated by Patan?jali fits ill into his dualistic system. Yet, one should not overlook the fact that its inclusion might have met primarily psychological rather than philosophical or religious needs. Therefore, I would conclude that ??vara in the Yogas?tra is not an object of religious faith, but a guide to sama?dhi.

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