福建壽寧縣下房村元宵會及傀儡戲《奶娘傳》演出考 = A Study on the Yuanxiao Festival and Puppet Performance Nainiang-zhuan of Xiafang Village,Shouning Prefecture, Fujian Province.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

From the middle of 20th century, chinese traditional culture faced a big disaster along with the ideology of socialism. They not only destroyed the material entity of the traditional folk culture, but also totally prohibited the local knowledge of all other different value with socialism, such as folk belief, custom and ritual, art and performances. Recently in 21 century, China became very interested in the project of World Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO and already established a list of Chinese Cultural Heritage. It almost seems for the local people to get a good chance to succeed the tradition and establish the local culture.
The Yuanxiao Festival of Xiafang Village is a seasonal festival under the circumstance of agricultural village and lineage tradition of the last name Chen in clan society. This festival is a part of their everyday life culture, a folk culture based on their folk belief of Chen Jinggu. The festival is composed of the ritual carried by a monk of Lushan-jiao (閭山教)，a branch of Taoism and the puppet performance Nai'niang-zhuan performed by puppeteers. Nai'niang means ‘milk mom’ literally, but it indicates Chen Jinggu, a goddess of protecting everyday life, especially guarding children from their birth to their growing and everything. So the belief of Chen Jinggu is very popular in Fujian, because bearing and bringing up the children is the most important thing in the clan society. They succeeded the knowledge and the way of thinking folded in the folk belief through the very mistic but very practical ritual and the very interesting art form of puppet show. This paper is a result of the field research carried from January 6 to 9，2013 by moon calendar in the Xiafang village,Shouning Prefecture, Fujian Province. I intended to investigate how they are unfolding their local knowledge in a peculiar religious and artistic way through the festival and the performance and to discuss the function and the value of this local intangible cultural heritage.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

自20世紀中葉開始，由中國社會主義意識形態主導的政治文化，給中國民間傳統文 化帶來了災難性的破壞。不但毀滅了大量民間傳統文化的物質實體，而且幾乎禁絕了所 有差異化的地方知識，包括民間信仰、風俗儀式、藝術演出等，都被打入另冊。直到最 近十幾年，在聯合國教科文組織的呼籲下，“口頭與非物質文化遺產”的保護和傳承工作 才在中國引起重視，并伴隨旅遊商機的升溫而形成了一股“非遺熱”。曾被塵封的大量地 方傳統文化形式，又開始活現在人們日常生活之中，成為遠接歷史血脈、建構差異文化 的重要力量。 下房村元宵會乃在農耕社會宗族環境裏舉辦的嵗時祭典。該活動是他們日常生活文 化的一部分，是以複雜的民間信仰為推動力量傳承下來信俗。癸巳年元宵會主要由閭山 教道士的科儀和傀儡師的木偶戯《奶娘傳》演出構成。奶娘指在福建普遍被信奉的女神陳 靖姑。他們日常生活裏陳靖姑信仰尤其重要，因為祂保護有關孩子的一切，包括生産到 生育。生育孩子在宗族社會，無論家裏村裏都是首要事。這一宗族共同體長期積澱下來 的思維方式和習俗就是該活動的真正意義。他們把各種知識昇華成很神秘卻很實際的儀 式和可喜可敬的藝術形式傳承給後代。 本文以2013年正月初六至初九在福建省壽寧縣下房村進行的元宵會及傀儡戯《奶娘 傳》演出田野考察為基礎，探討這一地域化非物質文化遺產的特殊價值和功能；并結合 文化樣本，具體分析他們發揮這些功能的程式和機制。

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