염기처리한 SLA 표면이 표면 특성 및 골모유사세포의 반응에 미치는 영향 = Effects of SLA surface treated with NaOH on surface characteristics and response of osteoblast-like cell

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적: 기존의 SLA 표면을 높은 친수성을 가지는 표면으로 개질하고자 NaOH에 침적하는 방법이 SLA 표면 형상 및 특성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 골모유사세포의 증식, 부착 및 분화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 계획되었다. 재료 및 방법: Machined surface (대조군), SLA surface (SLA 군), SLA에 NaOH 처리한 표면(SLA/NaOH 군)의 각 시편을 제조하고 친수성을 극대화한 SLA/NaOH 군의 표면 특성을 평가하기 위해 표면성분(XPS), 표면 거칠기, 표면 접촉각 등을 평가하였다. 그 이후 MG-63 세포 배양 후 이번 실험에서 만든 표면들이 세포독성을 가지는지를 평가하고, WST assay를 통하여 세포 증식, F-actin 염색을 통하여 세포의 부착형태를 관찰하였다. 이 후 ALP assay를 통하여 세포 분화를 평가하였다. 각 군간 통계측정을 위해 ANOVA 후 다중비교를 하였다(P<.05). 결과: SLA/NaOH 군의 접촉각은 $5.59{\pm}1.13$도였다. 모든 군들은 MG-63 세포에 대해 세포독성을 가지지 않았다. 세포 부착 평가에서 SLA/NaOH 군에서 가장 높은 부착 정도를 보였고(P<.05), Machined 군과 SLA 군에서도 표면 거칠기가 높은 SLA군에서 더 높은 세포 부착정도를 확인할 수 있었다(P<.05). 배양 7일까지 모든 군에서 MG-63 세포의 증식이 점차 증가하였다. 모든 군에서 3일과 7일에 세포의 증식에서 유의할 만한 차이가 보였고, SLA/NaOH 군에서 가장 높은 세포증식을 보였다. ALP 활성도는 7일에서는 세 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 하지만 14일에는 SLA/NaOH 군이 유의성 있는 증대를 보였다(P<.05). 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 NaOH를 처리하는 수화방식을 통해 SLA 표면을 변형시킴으로서 세포의 부착, 증식 및 분화를 촉진시켜 임플란트의 골유착을 증진시킬 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface characteristics and response of osteoblast-like cell at SLA surface treated with NaOH. Materials and methods: Three kinds of specimens were fabricated for the experiment groups. Control group was a machined surface, SLA group was a conventionally SLA treated surface, and SLA/NaOH gorup was SLA surface treated with NaOH. To evaluate the surface characteristics, the surface elemental composition (XPS), surface roughness and surface contact angle were evaluated in each group. And the cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, cell proliferation and ATP activity of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) were compared in each group for evaluatation of the cell responses. Statistical comparisons between groups were carried out via one-way ANOVA using the SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA), and then performed multiple comparisons. The differences were considered statistically significant at P<.05. Results: SLA surface treated with NaOH (SLA / NaOH group) was changed to hydrophilic surface. All groups did not show the cytotoxicity to the MG-63. In cell adhesion studies, SLA / NaOH group showed the higher degree of adhesion than anothers (P<.05), Up to 7 days of incubation, the proliferation was showed the increasing tendency in all groups but SLA / NaOH group showed the highest cell proliferation between the three groups (P<.05). At 7 days of incubation, there was no difference in ALP activities between the three groups, but at 14 days, SLA / NaOH group showed significant increase in ALP activities (P<.05). Conclusion: In this study, SLA surface treated with NaOH promoted cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. It means that SLA/NaOH group is possible to promote osseointegration of implants.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 송호준, "티타늄 임플란트의 골융합 증진을 위한 최신 표면처리 기술" 대한치과의사협회 48 (48): 96-105, 2010

2 이호진, "임플랜트 표면처리가 생체활성에 미치는 영향" 대한치과보철학회 44 (44): 594-605, 2006

3 Davies JE, "Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing" 67 : 932-949, 2003

4 MacDonald DE, "Thermal and chemical modification of titaniumaluminum-vanadium implant materials: effects on surface properties, glycoprotein adsorption, and MG63 cell attachment" 25 : 3135-3146, 2004

5 Lai HC, "The influence of surface energy on early adherent events of osteoblast on titanium substrates" 93 : 289-296, 2010

6 Jaffin RA, "The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis" 62 : 2-4, 1991

7 Lekholm U, "Survival of the Branemark implant in partially edentulous jaws: a 10-year prospective multicenter study" 14 : 639-645, 1999

8 Le Guehennec L, "Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration" 23 : 844-854, 2007

9 Kilpadi DV, "Surface energy characterization of unalloyed titanium implants" 28 : 1419-1425, 1994

10 Kilpadi DV, "Surface energy characterization of unalloyed titanium implants" 28 : 1419-1425, 1994

11 Lim YJ, "Surface characterizations of variously treated titanium materials" 16 : 333-342, 2001

12 Brett PM, "Roughness response genes in osteoblasts" 35 : 124-133, 2004

13 Rupp F, "Roughness induced dynamic changes of wettability of acid etched titanium implant modifications" 25 : 1429-1438, 2004

14 Rupp F, "Roughness induced dynamic changes of wettability of acid etched titanium implant modifications" 25 : 1429-1438, 2004

15 Sullivan DY, "Preliminary results of a multicenter study evaluating a chemically enhanced surface for machined commercially pure titanium implants" 78 : 379-386, 1997

16 Sul YT, "Oxidized titanium screws coated with calcium ions and their performance in rabbit bone" 17 : 625-634, 2002

17 Sul YT, "Oxidized implants and their influence on the bone response" 12 : 1025-1031, 2001

18 Albrektsson T, "Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man" 52 : 155-170, 1981

19 Branemark PI, "Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies" 3 : 81-100, 1969

20 Buser D, "Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs" 25 : 889-902, 1991

21 Jemt T, "Implant treatment in the edentulous maxillae:a 15-year follow-up study on 76 consecutive patients provided with fixed prostheses" 8 : 61-69, 2006

22 Hutton JE, "Factors related to success and failure rates at 3-year follow-up in a multicenter study of overdentures supported by Bra nemark implants" 10 : 33-42, 1995

23 Sanz A, "Experimental study of bone response to a new surface treatment of endosseous titanium implants" 10 : 126-131, 2001

24 Rupp F, "Enhancing surface free energy and hydrophilicity through chemical modification of microstructured titanium implant surfaces" 76 : 323-334, 2006

25 Buser D, "Enhanced bone apposition to a chemically modified SLA titanium surface" 83 : 529-533, 2004

26 Yanagisawa I, "Effects of "wettability" of biomaterials on culture cells" 15 : 168-177, 1989

27 Bornstein MM, "Early loading of non-submerged titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface. 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients" 16 : 631-638, 2005

28 Urban RM, "Dissemination of wear particles to the liver, spleen, and abdominal lymph nodes of patients with hip or knee replacement" 82 : 457-476, 2000

29 Smith DC, "Dental implant materials. I. Some effects of preparative procedures on surface topography" 25 : 1045-1068, 1991

30 Lee YJ, "Current studies of implant surface treatment - in perspective of bone healing mechanism" 12 : 12-29, 2003

31 Kim C, "Comparison of titanium soaked in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions" 33 : 327-339, 2013

32 Piattelli M, "Bone response to machined and resorbable blast material titanium implants: an experimental study in rabbits" 28 : 2-8, 2002

33 Kokubo T, "Bioactive metals:preparation and properties" 15 : 99-107, 2004

34 Clover J, "Are MG-63 and HOS TE85 human osteosarcoma cell lines representative models of the osteoblastic phenotype?" 15 : 585-591, 1994

35 Gotfredsen K, "Anchorage of TiO2-blasted, HA-coated, and machined implants: an experimental study with rabbits" 29 : 1223-1231, 1995

36 Wennerberg A, "An optical threedimensional technique for topographical descriptions of surgical implants" 14 : 412-418, 1992

37 MacDonald DE, "Adsorption and dissolution behavior of human plasma fibronectin on thermally and chemically modified titanium dioxide particles" 23 : 1269-1279, 2002

38 MacDonald DE, "Adsorption and dissolution behavior of human plasma fibronectin on thermally and chemically modified titanium dioxide particles" 23 : 1269-1279, 2002

39 Lindquist LW, "A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss" 7 : 329-336, 1996

40 Brocard D, "A multicenter report on 1,022 consecutively placed ITI implants: a 7-year longitudinal study" 15 : 691-700, 2000

41 Wennerberg A, "A histomorphometric and removal torque study of screw-shaped titanium implants with three different surface topographies" 6 : 24-30, 1995

42 Adell R, "A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw" 10 : 387-416, 1981